考研復(fù)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)：英語作文30天30分（5-31更新）

第29天 利弊與危害（Advantages and Disadvantages）

　　注意……開始上課了……

　　寫作思路與要求

　　本模塊立意在某事物或現(xiàn)象的“利”與 “弊”或某社會問題的“危害”，以某一社會現(xiàn)象或事物的優(yōu)點和缺點或危害剖析為短文的主要內(nèi)容，最后以考生對利弊分析后的評述或觀點概述作為短文結(jié)論。文章通常先客觀描述某一事物的正反兩個方面，或優(yōu)劣、或利弊、或積極和消極因素，而后由考生權(quán)衡利弊，提出本人的評述或揚長避短的見解。短文語篇層次上的展開方式通常為對比法，個段中的利弊闡述用枚舉法。

　　這一模塊的基本提綱模式是：

　　第一段引言+優(yōu)點/缺點。

　　簡述標(biāo)題中涉及的某一事物或現(xiàn)象，并列舉該事物/現(xiàn)象的優(yōu)/缺點或積/消極因素。

　　第二段缺點/優(yōu)點。

　　以對比關(guān)聯(lián)詞引出該事物/現(xiàn)象的另一面——缺/優(yōu)點或消/積極因素。

　　第三段觀點體會綜述。

　　權(quán)衡利弊，談?wù)効忌�自己的體會或如何揚長避短。

　　看看以前考什么，是怎么考的。
　　1991年真題
　　Directions：
　　A)Title: Where to Live—in the City or in the Country?
　　B)Time limit: 40 minutes
　　C)Word limit: 160-200 words(not including the given opening sentence)
　　D)Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence .
　　E)Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET.

　　OUTLINE：
　　1.Conveniences of the city
　　2.Attractions of the country
　　3.Disadvantages of both
　　4.My preference

　　寫 作 提 綱Where to Live—in the City or in the Country?
　�、貺iving in the city, you can enjoy all the comforts provided by civilization: big stores,restaurants,theatres,cinemas,galleries and so on.A city has② such a large population that you can make friends with ③as many people as you like—people of different ages,backgrounds and nationalities.④ Life in the city is never dull as you always have something to do.⑤Moreover, there is ③a greater variety of jobs,and hence ③more opportunities to success in life.
　　⑥On the other hand, you don�餿 have all these things in the country.⑦But here there are ③not so many people pushing each other.You are close to nature.The air is fresh and the sun shines on you warmly,③Instead of noise, you hear the singing of birds that makes you relaxed and happy.④Life in the country is so great,cozy and colorful.
　�、轜hen it comes to my decision,I prefer to live in the country.⑧True, there are many good things the modern city offers,⑧but there are many other things I cannot tolerate.The rush hour is the first thing I fear.Twice a day,⑨t(yī)he pot boils. There are people everywhere,⑩struggling to get on the buses,pedaling bicycles like mad,or shoving all the way to get to work on time. Then there is the noise.Wherever you are,the sharp horning of vehicles pierce your ears.And the most intolerable thing is the polluted air.All day you breathe in traffic fumes and poisonous chemical particles.You are paying dearly for the “privilege” of living in a modern city.

　�、俦疚牟捎梅侄螌Ρ壤�弊的結(jié)構(gòu)布局，第一段闡述城市生活之利，第二段通過與城市生活的對比列舉農(nóng)村生活之利，暗示出城市生活的種種弊端；

　�、诳忌�采用了such…that的強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)；

　�、鄱涛亩嗵幨褂帽容^對照句式，這是分析利弊的短文的典型結(jié)構(gòu)；

　�、艿谝�、第二段中使用了相同的句式，遙相呼應(yīng)；

　�、菰陉U述城市生活之利過程中，考生采用了遞進展開模式；

　�、薅涛膶哟紊希�考生注意了段與段的銜接；

　　⑦but作為語氣的過渡；

　　⑧True…but…是非常地道的讓步轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)，反映出考生遣詞造句的老道；

　　⑨采用了暗喻的修辭手法；

　�、馊齻�分詞短語的排比，烘托出城市的擁擠；

　　本段也采用了遞進展開模式；

　　結(jié)論句。掌握一定的寫作模式，可以事半功倍。自己填一下試試吧！

　　(引言)+優(yōu)點+缺點+結(jié)論／評論

　　Title
　　Nowadays,wherever you go you will hear people talk about①… (Nowadays②… has become a household word and it is playing a more and more important role in③… ).Whether you like it or not,it is here to stay (it has become part of our life).Generally,it is believed that there are several (dis)advantages with④….First,⑤….What�餾 more/To make matters worse,⑥….In addition/And worst of all,⑦.…
But every coin has two sides,and ⑧… is no exception.There are also some apparent positive/negative aspects with ⑨….To begin with,⑩….Besides,….And most important of all/ last but not least,….
But all in all,I believe that….Therefore,we should try our best/do something to ….
　�、�、② 插入名詞短語，提出試題中提到的寫作主題。如：sports,SARS,two�瞕ay weekend,Internet等；
　　③ 插入名詞短語，通常為：our life; our study; our work等；
　�、� 同①、②；
　　⑤、⑥、⑦ 插入完整句子，以小寫開始，列舉主題所涉事物的利或弊，如果選擇列舉弊害，⑥、⑦前選用“/”后的To make matters worse,和And worst of all；
　�、嗤�①、②、④；
　�、嵬�①、②、④；
　�、�、、插入完整句子，以小寫開始，列舉主題所涉事物的弊或利，與上述⑤、⑥、⑦相對應(yīng)；
　　插入名詞性從句；提出自己結(jié)論性傾向觀點，肯定利多弊少或弊多利少；
　　插入不定式短語，根據(jù)上一句觀點，或揚長或避短。
　　靈活運用模板，能寫出美妙的應(yīng)試文章。

　　OUTLINE
　　1.Advantages of the mobile phone
　　2.Disadvantages of the mobile phone
　　3.My comments

　　寫 作 提 綱Mobile Phones

　　Nowadays,with the rapid development of IT and information industry,cell phones are playing a more and more important role in our life.Generally,it is believed that there are several advantages with the mobile phone.First,mobile phones are portable.Being wireless,you can carry them everywhere with great ease.What�餾 more,,it�餾 convenient,and greatly facilitates people�餾 life.You can reach a person wherever and however far away he is.Whenever you come across trouble or meet something urgent,you can call for help immediately.In addition,it�餾 a very helpful companion.With the many functions it offers,you can easily get on the Net,browsing for the information you need,conducting E�瞔ommerce and doing whatever you can  via Internet.

　　But every coin has two sides,and the cell phone is no exception.There are also some apparent negative aspects with mobile phones.To begin with,as some people complain,mobile phones give unpleasant noise at some important occasions when the owner forgets to turn them off.Besides,it also cuts into people�餾 spare time,because with the mobile phone the boss can easily reach you and call you to duty during your free time.Worst of all,the electromagnetic wave emitted from the phone is said to be harmful to people�餾 health and does often cause headaches to the owner.

　　But all in all,I believe that they have changed the way we communicate and made our life more convenient.Therefore,we should try our best to have them with us and serve us better.

　　典型試題，好好做喲！
　　Write an essay of 160~200 words based on each of the following topics:
　　Task 1.Advantages and Disadvantages of Being Famous
　　Task 2.Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet
　　Task 3.Positive and Negative Aspects of Skyscrapers
　　Task 4.Harmfulness of Fake Commodities

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