關(guān)系代詞:
who,which,that作從句的主語
whom,which,that作從句的賓語(可省略)
whose從句中作定語
以下情況只能用that,不能用which:
i. 先行詞為不定代詞all, little, none,any,every,no,much, anything, nothing
ii. 先行詞有最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時(包括: the only, the very, the same, the last, the next等)
iii. 先行詞既有人又有物的時候
以下情況只能用which,不能用that;
、 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句(包括代表整個主句的意思時)
② 介詞+關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中
關(guān)系副詞:
when指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語
where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語
why指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,只修飾reason。
如果用定語從句把兩個句子合二為一:首先找出兩個句子當(dāng)中相同的部分,定語從句修飾的就是這一部分。要把其中一個句子變成定語從句,就要把這句中相同的那個部分用一個關(guān)系詞來代替;代替時,先看被代替的部分是指人還是指物、再看它作什么句成分。指人并作主語的,就用who;騮hat;指人并作賓語的,就用whom或that;指人并作定語的,就用whose。指物并作主語的,就用which或that認(rèn)指物并作賓語的,還是用which或that認(rèn)是物并作定語的,就用whose或of which。這樣找好并替換以后,再把這個關(guān)系代詞放到要變成定語從句的那個句子的最前面(被代替的部分不能再保留,其它的詞語一律不變),這個句子就變成了定語從句。然后,再把這個定語從句整個放在被修飾的詞后面,最后,如果還有其它句子成分,就把它們放到定語從句的后面,就行了。
例如:
Have you found the book? You were looking for the book yesterday.
在這兩個句子中,the book是相同的,定語從句修飾的就是the book。把后面這一句變成定語從句,找個關(guān)系詞來代替the book;在將要被變成定語從句的名子中,the book是物并作賓語,所以用which或that代替它。
然后把which或that放到本句的最前面,其它的詞和語序一律不變。這時,就成了"that/which you were looking for yesterday?”,再把這個定語從句整個放在被修飾的詞后面,就成了“have you found the book that/which you were looking for yesterday?”定語從句就完成了,主句是問句,所以句末用問號。that/which代替的是原句中的賓語,原句變成了從句,它們?nèi)匀蛔鲝木涞馁e語。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略,因此上句又可變成“have you found the book you were looking for yesterday?”.
請同學(xué)們照上面的例子,把下面變定語從句的步驟說出來(括號里的可以省略):
( 1 ) "The dog belongs to the Browns. It ate my fish yesterday."
……The dog which/that ate my fish yesterday belongs to the Browns。
(2) "The lady has gone to the police station. Her car has been stolen."
……The lady whose car has been stolen has gone to the police station.
(3) "I' ve seen the film. His girl friend played the leading role In it.''
……I' ve seen the film {which / that) his girl friend played the leading role in
……I’ve seen the film in which his girl friend played the leading role.
……His girl friend played the leading role in the film {which/that) I’ve seen.
關(guān)系副詞與此同理。只是關(guān)系副詞代替的是原句中的狀語。在被代替
之前,這個狀語中一定要含有一個與另一句相同的成分。
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