新東方白易禮：英語四級(jí)考試語法筆記(七)

　　(3)接doing時(shí)，doing前面可以帶自己的形式主語(意思上的主語，也叫邏輯主語)

　　例如:

　　That teacher doesn' t permit our smoking in his class.老師不允許我們?cè)谒�講課時(shí)抽煙。(our是smoking的主語)

　　Paul' s mother will forbid his going with you.保羅的媽媽不會(huì)允許他跟你去。

　　The doctor advised my taking more exercises.大夫建議我多鍛煉。

　　6、非謂語動(dòng)詞的正誤辨析:

　　(1 )正在粉刷的房子將是一家書店。

　　誤: The house painted will be a bookstore

　　正: The house being painted will be a bookstore.

　　正: The house that/which is being painted will be a bookstore.

　　析:現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式和過去分詞都表示被動(dòng)意義，但是過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行、還未完成。

　　(2)他竟然會(huì)缺席，這使我感到驚訝。

　　誤：It is astonished to me that he should be absent.

　　正：It is astonishing to me that he should be absent.

　　正：I am astonished that he is absent.

　　析:一般來說，由現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞，有主動(dòng)意味，說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征，多可譯為令人感到……的;而由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞，有被動(dòng)意味或表示已完成的動(dòng)作，長譯為“感到……、覺得……”。

　　(3)這本書我讀起來太難了。

　　誤：The book is too difficult far me to read it

　　正：The book is too difficult far me to read

　　析：句子主語是不定式的邏輯賓語，所以應(yīng)去掉，否則就犯了重復(fù)的毛病。

　　(4) 打開抽屜，他拿出詞典。

　　誤：Opening the drawer, and he took out a dictionary.

　　正：Opening the drawer, he took out a dictionary.

　　析：并列連詞等是用來連接兩個(gè)或更多個(gè)語法作用相同的詞、短語、或句子。分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞。

　　(5) 他別無選擇，只有躺下來睡覺。

　　誤：He has no choice but lying dawn and sleeping.

　　正：He has no choice but to lie dawn and sleep.

　　正：He can do noting but lie dawn and sleep.

　　正：He has nothing to do but lie dawn and sleep.

　　析：在這種句型中，but和except后用不定式，不用動(dòng)名詞。并且若句中含有動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，but，except后跟省掉to的不定式。

　　(6) 革命意味著解放生產(chǎn)力。

　　誤：Revolution means to liberate the productive farces.

　　正：Revolution means liberating the productive farces.

　　析:mean后跟動(dòng)詞不定式表示“意欲/打算”，后面跟動(dòng)名詞表示“意味著”