新東方白易禮：英語四級考試語法筆記(七)

　　請看幾個(gè)詞組:

　　現(xiàn)在分詞作定語: a sleeping dog=a dog that is sleeping

　　a flying bird=a bird that is flying

　　a crying baby=a baby that is crying

　　boiling water=water that is boiling

　　動名詞作定語: a sleeping bag=a bag for sleeping

　　a swimming pool=a pool for swimming

　　a flying suit=a suit for flying

　　drinking water=water for drinking

　　4、動名詞和不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的區(qū)別。在look at，listen to, feel，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等動詞后可以用不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，意義差別不大。現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在發(fā)生、還未結(jié)束;不定式只是陳述事實(shí)。

　　例如:

　　Did you hear someone knocking at the door?你剛才聽到有人敲門嗎?

　　Yes I did. I heard him knock three times.是的，我聽到他敲了三下.

　　I saw your father working in your garden yesterday.

　　昨天我看見你父親正在花園里干活。

　　I saw your father work in your garden yesterday.

　　昨天我見你父親在園里干活。

　　〔注意〕find后面可用分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)作賓補(bǔ)，不用不定式。

　　如：

　　正：I found him lying on the ground.

　　誤：I found him lie on the ground.

　　下列動詞常跟分詞作賓補(bǔ):

　　catch抓住，have讓、{吏，keep使處十某狀態(tài)，get使得，see看見，hear聽見，find發(fā)現(xiàn)，feel感覺到，leave使處于某狀態(tài)，make使(只接過去分詞)，want想要，start引起，notice注意到，observe觀察，watch觀看、注視，set使處于某狀態(tài)，等等

　　5. allow, permit, forbid，encourage，advise的用法相似，具體如下:

　　(1) 后面無賓語時(shí)，接doing,.

　　例如:

　　Sorry we don' t allow smoking in the lecture room.對不起，本教室里不許抽煙。

　　The school doesn' t permit smoking in class.學(xué)校不許在課上抽煙。

　　Mrs. Green forbade smoking in her house.格林夫人禁止在她家抽煙。

　　The teacher encouraged speaking more English in class.老師鼓勵(lì)在課堂上多說英語。

　　(2)后面有賓語時(shí)，接to do.

　　例如:

　　Tom' s mother will not allow him to watch the film on TV.湯姆的母親不會允許他在電視上看那個(gè)電影。

　　The school doesn' t permit its students to smoke in class.學(xué)校不允許它的學(xué)生們在上課時(shí)抽煙。

　　Mrs. Green forbade us to smoke in her house.格林夫人不許我們在她家抽煙。

　　The teacher encouraged everybody to speak more English in class.老師鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)人在課堂上多說英語。

　　The doctor advised me to take more exercises.大夫建議我多鍛煉。