新東方白易禮：英語四級考試語法筆記(七)

　　Example:

　　Climbing to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.

　　-----Climbing to the top of the hill, one can see a magnificent view.

　　-----If one climbs to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.

　　1)Being Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.

　　-----It being Sunday I shall have quiet day at home.

　　2)Entering the house, the door closed with a bang.

　　-----Entering the house, he closed the door with a bang.

　　3)Walking through the park, the flowers made a lovely sight.

　　-----Walking through the park, we saw a lovely show of flower.

　　4)Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.

　　-----As I was waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.

　　5)Having been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.

　　-----As he had been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.

　　四、使用非謂語動詞應(yīng)注意的問題

　　1、不定式作狀語時常用的句型。動詞不定式在句中可用來作目的、結(jié)果、原因狀語，常用于下列句型中:

　　(1) in order to和so as to do(以便，為了):

　　She decided to work harder in order (so as) to catch up with the others. 她決心加緊學習，好趕上別人。

　　(2)too……to do……(非常…… 以至于不能……)

　　The boy is too young to join the navy.這男孩太小參不了海軍。

　　(3) ……enough to do……(足以做……)

　　The hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people.這廳大得足以容納一千人.

　　(4)only to do……(不料卻……)

　　They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet.他們搬起石頭卻砸自己的腳。

　　(5)"be+情緒形容詞+to do"這個結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式說明產(chǎn)生這一情緒的原因。

　　We are proud to be trained here in China.在中國受訓(xùn)我們感到自豪。

　　2、動名詞和不定式作主語和表語時的區(qū)別動名詞和不定式都可以作主語和表語。一般來說，在表示抽象的、一般的行為時，多用動名詞;在表示具體某次動作，特別是將來的動作時，多用不定式。但在It’s no use(good)，it’s Useless后面常用動名詞作主語。

　　例如

　　Her present job is teaching music. = Teaching music is her… (泛指)

　　To teach music to Grade One is her present job. =Her present job is to teach … (特指)

　　It’s difficult for him to finish the了ob in a week.

　　Tom’s being late again made me angry. 湯姆又來晚了使我很生氣。

　　It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收

　　3、動名詞和不定式作定語時的區(qū)別。

　　作定語時:現(xiàn)在分詞和它修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系(現(xiàn)在分詞可以改為定語從句)，可以置于于被修飾詞之前或之后，動名詞做定語通常表示它所修飾的名詞的用途(可以改為for短語)，而者不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它一般只能置于被修飾詞之前。