2002年4月經(jīng)貿(mào)知識英語(全國)

課程代碼：00095

Ⅰ.Translate the following words and expressions(10%):

1)From English into Chinese
a.compound duties
b.documentary collection
c.sales confirmation
d.preferred stock
e.GDP per capita

2)From Chinese into English
a.保護(hù)主義
b.無支付能力的
c.交(貨)
d.到岸價(jià)
e.股東

Ⅱ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right.There are two additional choices on the right(5%):

1)drawback        (     )  a.duties imposed on goods imported and exported
2)terms of trade   (     )  b.the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss
3)title        (     )  c.duties on imports that are refunded when reexported
4)deposit     (     )  d.right to the possession of a position or property
5)hyperinflation  (     )  e.the relation of export and import prices
                                         f.soaring of prices beyond control
                     g.money paid as part of the payment owed

Ⅲ.Make brief explanations of the following terms in English(20%):
1.international trade
2.transferable credit
3.insurance
4.MNC
5.commercial invoice

Ⅳ.Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word from the list(10%):
economic       orders         speculative      protection
risk           insurable      loss             renewed
transfer       financial      charged          policy

    Perhaps the most common method of dealing with risk is to shift,or 1)______,the risk to an insurance company.An insurer (or insurance company) is a firm that agrees,for a fee,to assume 2)______ responsibility for losses that may result from a specific risk.

    The fee 3)______ by an insurance company is called a premium.A contract between an insurer and the person or firm whose risk is assumed is known as an insurance 4)______.Generally,an insurance policy is written for a period of one year.Then,if both parties are willing,it is 5)______ each year.It specifies exactly which risks are covered by the agreement,the dollar amounts the insurer will pay in case of a 6)______,and the amount of the premium.

    Insurance is thus the 7)______ against loss that the purchase of an insurance policy affords.Insurance companies will not,however,assume every kind of risk.A risk that insurance companies will assume is called an 8)______ risk.A risk that insurance companies will not assume is called an uninsurable risk.

    In general,pure risks are insurable,whereas 9)______ risks are uninsurable.An insurance company will protect a Ford Motor Company assembly plant against losses due to fire or hurricanes.It will not,however,protect Ford against losses resulting from a lack of sales 10)______ for automobiles.

Ⅴ.Translate the following into Chinese(15%):

    How can more “Made in the U.S.A.”goods get into store shelves in China?Under current trade restrictions,imports from the United States have barely flowed into that nation.However,imports will flood in,if China,the largest emerging market in Asia,joins the World Trade Organization.Although U.S. exports to China have increased over the past decade,the yearly total is still only about $ 12 billion,a tiny piece of all U.S. exports.Meanwhile,the United States has been a very good market for China's goods:U.S.imports about $50 billion worth of goods from China every year,up from roughly $10 billion worth of yearly imports just a decade ago.

    If China joins the WTO,the level of U.S. exports to China will skyrocket because high tariffs and various other trade restrictions will be removed.Today tariffs on imports into China range as high as 120 percent.As part of its bid for WTO membership,China has agreed to cut the average tariff rate to 15 percent by the year 2000.In addition,WTO membership would put trade with China under a more standardized legal framework,giving exporters and importers alike more consistent treatment.

    Another benefit of China's proposed WTO membership is that U.S. companies would within a few years be allowed to deal directly with Chinese companies instead of going through a trading company.Just as important,U.S. manufacturers would finally be able to market directly to Chinese consumers.Such an import-friendly environment would be bound to open new trade opportunities for U.S. businesses—which is why many U.S. officials favor WTO membership for China.

Ⅵ.Translate the following into English(25%):

1.作為取代關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定的新的、改善了的機(jī)構(gòu)，世界貿(mào)易組織是一個(gè)永久性的國際組織，所有關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定的成員國均自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)為世界貿(mào)易組織的成員。

2.許多國際交易是通過匯票支付的。匯票是對銀行或顧客發(fā)出的支付命令，包括即期匯票和遠(yuǎn)期匯票。

3.買方發(fā)出的詢盤是為了獲得擬訂購商品的有關(guān)信息，它對發(fā)出詢盤的人無約束力。

4.即使是在這種情況下，大多數(shù)公司寧可支付數(shù)量明確的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)來轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也不愿有遭受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的不確定性。

5.盡管跨國公司的日常管理工作下放到其子公司，但重要決策，如公司目標(biāo)和新投資項(xiàng)目都由母公司來決定。

Ⅶ.Answer the following questions in English(15%):

1.Why and how are Incoterms used?Give two commonly used terms to illustrate.

2.How is D/A different from D/P after sight?Which is safer for the exporter?

參考答案
課程代碼：00095
Ⅰ.術(shù)語英漢互譯(每小題1分，共10分)
a.復(fù)稅/混合關(guān)稅
b.跟單托收
c.售貨確認(rèn)書
d.優(yōu)先股
e.人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值

a. protectionism
b. insolvent
c. make delivery
d. CIF
e. share-holder/shareholders

Ⅱ.選擇(每小題1分，共5分)
(1) c     (2) e    (3) d     (4) g     (5) f

Ⅲ.術(shù)語定義(每小題4分，共20分)
(1)International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another.(In the complex economic world,no country can be completely self-sufficient.)

(2)Transferable credit:a letter of credit that can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties in making payment.

(3)Insurance is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk,and it provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.

(4)MNC is a business organization which owns (whether wholly or partly),controls and manages assets,often including productive resources,in more than one country,through its member companies incorporated separately in each of these countries.

(5)The commercial invoice is a business document which gives a general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.

Ⅳ.選擇填空(每小題1分，共10分)
(1)transfer     (2)financial     (3)charged       (4)policy         (5)renewed
(6)loss         (7)protection    (8)insurable     (9)speculative    (10)orders

Ⅴ.翻譯(15分)

    如何使更多的美國貨出現(xiàn)在中國的商店里?按照現(xiàn)行的貿(mào)易限制，進(jìn)入中國的美國商品數(shù)量不多。但是，如果中國，亞洲最大的新興市場，加入世界貿(mào)易組織，進(jìn)口商品將大量涌入。盡管在過去的十年中美國對中國的出口有所增加，但每年的總出口仍只有120億美元左右，占美國總出口的很小比例。同時(shí)，美國是中國商品的一個(gè)很好的市場，美國每年從中國進(jìn)口商品的價(jià)值從十年前的100億美元左右增至大約500億美元。

    如果中國加入世貿(mào)，美國對中國出口的數(shù)量將大大增加，因?yàn)楦哧P(guān)稅與其它各種貿(mào)易限制將被取消。目前中國的進(jìn)口關(guān)稅最高可達(dá)120%。為了加入世貿(mào)，中國已同意到2000年以前把平均關(guān)稅稅率降至15%。加入世貿(mào)將會(huì)把中國的對外貿(mào)易置于更為規(guī)范的法律框架之中，從而會(huì)對進(jìn)出口商一視同仁。

    中國加入世貿(mào)帶來的另一個(gè)好處在于美國公司將可以不必通過貿(mào)易公司直接接觸中國的公司。同樣重要的是，美國的制造商們最終還能夠直接向中國消費(fèi)者銷售其產(chǎn)品。這樣一個(gè)利于進(jìn)口的環(huán)境必將為美國企業(yè)展現(xiàn)新的貿(mào)易機(jī)會(huì)，所以許多美國官員都贊成中國加入世界貿(mào)易組織。

Ⅵ.漢譯英(每小題5分，共25分)

(1)Being a new,improved replacement of GATT,WTO is a permanent international organization,to which all the members of GATT have automatically become members.

(2)The payment of many international  transactions is made by draft.A draft is an order to a bank or a customer,which includes sight draft and usance draft.

(3)The enquiry made by the buyer is to get information about the goods to be ordered.It is made without engagement to the enquirer.

(4)Even in those circumstances,most firms prefer to pay a known premium for the transfer of risk,rather than face the uncertainty of carrying the risk of loss.

(5)Although the day-to-day administration of MNCs may be delegated(decentralized) to their affiliates,major decisions such as corporate goals and new investment projects are made by the parent company.

Ⅶ.問答(15分)

    (1)The purpose of Incoterms is to 1)provide a set of international rules 2)for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms 3)in foreign trade.Thus,4)the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries 5)can be avoided or 6)at least reduced to a considerable degree.Examples:7)FOB,short for Free On Board.It means that the exporter makes delivery of the goods on board the ship without the responsibility for the insurance cover and transportation.8)CIF,short for Cost,Insurance and Freight.It means that the exporter is responsible for the arrangement of insurance cover and transportation before delivering the goods.

    (2)9)In the case of documents against acceptance(D/A),10)documents are handed over to the importer 11)upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter.12)Payment will not be made until a later date.13)D/P after sight gives the importer a certain period after presentation of the documents,14)but documents are not released to him until he actually pays for the merchandise.15)D/P after sight is safer than D/A.