2002年4月英語(yǔ)(二)試題（全國(guó)卷）

課程代碼：00015

PART ONE
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, i point for each item)
   從下列各句四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，并將選項(xiàng)號(hào)填在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置上。

1.Studies have shown _______ teenagers often suffer form depression.
A.that              B.which          C.in which          D.in that

2.The party has failed to _______ the majority of voters that it is capable of governing the country.
A.trust             B.credit         C.convince          D.believe

3._______ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why don't you take a bus to town?
A.In spite of                        B.Rather than
C.In palce of                        D.Other than

4.The kids are _______ be hungry when they get home—they always are.
A. obliged to         B. bound to      C. desired to        D. motivated to

5.All the characteristics that distinguish birds _______ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.
A.to                 B.between       C.for               D.from

6.When the city was _______,  everyone knew that total defeat was certain.
A.cut off            B.cut down      C.cut across        D.cut out

7.If we _______ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.
A.hadn't got                         B. didn't get
C.wouldn't have got                  D. wouldn’t get

8.In his composition there were no other errors _______ a few misspelled words.
A.beside            B.except         C.then               D.than

9.In deciding _______ a course of action, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.
A.what to pursue                     B.which to pursue
C.whether to pursue                  D.if to pursue

10.Since we have a focused subject, we should not talk _______.
A.at once          B.at hand         C.at intervals       D.at random

Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)
   下列短文中有十個(gè)空白，每個(gè)空白有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案，并將選項(xiàng)號(hào)填在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置上。

   Economists believe that job earnings influence choice of occupation. They acknowledge that people place varying emphasis __11__income, but point out that workers tend to move from one occupation to another __12__changes in salaries. In 1931, H.F.Clark, an economist, stated that “proper information regarding wages if sufficiently __13__ upon people, will lead to correct choice of occupation and correct __14__ of people in an occupation, provided barriers to occupations have been removed.” This means that the supply and demand of workers have __15__to do with wages, __16__in turn influence people to choose certain careers.. However, all barriers to occupations will have to be removed __17__ career choices can be __18__ by economics alone. There is little question __19__economic factors have some influence on choice of an occupation. But to picture them as the major or most important reason __20__ against the soundest of folk wisdom:“Man does not live by bread alone.”

11.A.in            B.on                C.into              D.for
12.A.despite       B.other than        C.through           D.because of
13.A.to impress    B.to be impressed   C.impress           D.impressed
14.A.number        B.amount            C.deal              D.quantity
15.A.many          B.much              C.lot               D.nothing
16.A.it            B.that              C.which             D.where
17.A.before        B.after             C.until             D.when
18.A.expected      B.explained         C.expressed         D.exposed
19.A.that          B.which             C.as                D.when
20.A.to go         B.going             C.goes              D.go

Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item)

   從下列每篇短文的問(wèn)題后所給的四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，并將選項(xiàng)號(hào)填在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置上。

                                Passage One

   Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

  “No man is an island,” wrote the poet John Donne several centuries ago. He was acknowledging one of our most distinctive characteristics: the fact that we are social animals whose behavior and personalities are shaped by the groups to which we belong.

  Throughout life, most of our daily activities are performed in the company of others. Whether our purpose is working, playing, raising a family, learning, or simply relaxing, we usually pursue it in groups, even if the group is as small as two or three people. Out need for human contacts is not merely a practical one; it is a deep psychological need as well. If people are deprived of the company of others for prolonged periods, mental breakdown is the usual result. Even the Geneva Convention(日內(nèi)瓦公約)，an international agreement that regulates the treatment of prisoners of war, recognizes this need. It regards solitary(孤獨(dú)的) imprisonment for more than thirty day as a cruel form of torture(折磨).

  In its strictest sense, a group is a collection of people interacting together in an orderly way on the basis of shared expectations about one another's behavior. As result of this interaction, members feel a common sense of “belonging.” They distinguish members from nonmembers and expect certain kinds of behavior from outsiders.

21.By “No man is an island,” John Donne means _____.
A.no one can live on an island alone
B.a man is not surrounded by sea on all sides
C.a man and an island are irrelevant
D.no one can live in isolation from other people

22.The fact that we work or even play in groups illustrates the point that ____.
A.poeple are different from animals
B.Donne recognized the group to which he belonged
C.human beings are social animals
D.human behavior and personalities are formed by others

23.“Breakdown” as used in Line 6, Paragraph 2 most probably denotes ____.
A.separation
B.collapse
C.analysis
D.function

24.According to the passage, what is NOT a characteristic of group?
A.There are at least two people in it.
B.The members share some common grounds.
C.The members work for one purpose.
D.The members interact regularly with each other.

25.This passage is mainly about _______.
A.the importance of human contacts
B.pattens of human behavior
C.the importance of human activities
D.patterns of human society

                                    Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

   The word health can be used in a number of ways. In the past, health only the absence of disease or illness. Today, though, health has a broader meaning. Health is the state of your well-being that includes how you feel physically, mentally, and socially. Wellness is another term that describes this broader view of health. You can understand the need for a broader definition if you think about how health in your life is different from health in your grandparents' lives.

   In 1900, the main causes of death were diseases that were spread by bacteria(細(xì)菌) and viruses(病毒).If you had lived then, the danger of your dying from pneumonia(肺炎) would have been three times greater than the danger of your dying from cancer.

   The diseases that were most common in 1900 affected people of all ages. It is not surprising, then that around 1900, the emphasis of health was on freedom from illness. Today many of the diseases that were common in 1900 can be prevented or cured by improved medicines and methods of sanitation(衛(wèi)生). Most diseases now are likely to occur later in life. You as a teenager will probably not have to think about the same threats to your health as your grandparents did.

  These improvements in health conditions mean that not only can you now enjoy a better life, but you also have a greater chance of having a longer life. Conrtolling diseases has increased the life expectancy in the United States. Grenerally, people born more recently have higher life expectancies. Since 1900, the life expectancy in the United States has increased by more than 27 years. It has increased from 47 years for those born in 1900 to 74 years 1981.

26.According to Paragraph 1, health and wellness ______.
A.can be used interchangeably on all occasions
B.are different in that the latter has a broader sense
C.had the same meaning in the past
D.both refer to the state of your well-being

27.Which of the following statements is true?
A.Diseases caused by bacteria and viruses were incurable in 1900.
B.Bacteria and viruses are the main causes of death today.
C.Medicines for curing pneumonia were not available in 1900.
D.Pneumonia caused as many deaths in 1900 as cancer does today.

28.“Life expectancy” in the last paragraph most probably means ____.
A.the kind of life that a person may expect to live
B.the mode of life that a group of people have lived
C.the length of time that a person or an animal has lived
D.the length of time that people may expect to live

29.On an average, people in America who were born in 1900 ______.
A.had a life-span of 74 years
B.lived a shorter but better life than those born later
C.lived to 47 years of age
D.lived 27 years longer than those born in 1981

30.The intended readers of the passage are _______.
A.teenagers
B.the diseased
C.adults
D.aged people

                                  Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
   Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what the values are which Americans live by. They have never given the matter any thought.

   Over the years I have introduced thousands of international visitors to life in the United States. This has caused me to try to lock at Americans  through the eyes of foreign visitors, I am confident that the values listed in this booklet describe most (but not all )Americans, and that understanding these values can help you, the international visitor, understand Americans.

   It is my belief that if foreign visitors really understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans, they will then be able to understand 95% of American actions —actions which might otherwise appear “strange,”“confusing,”or “unbelievable” when evaluated from the perspective of the foreigner's own society and its values.

   The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter and action, or hear a statement in the United States which surprises you, try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet.

31.Can an ordinary American tell you his/her value system?
A.Yes, because this is something an American lives by.
B.No, because everyone will have his/her own system.
C.No, because he/she has never thought about it.
D.Yes, because values are something often in their thought.

32.The author lists 13 values in his booklet to _____.
A.invite foreigners to visit America
B.look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors
C.describe the confusing actions of most Americans
D.help international visitors understand Americans

33.The word “ingrained” in Line 2, Paragraph 3 most probably means _____.
A.rooted in the minds
B.found in the grains
C.planted for food
D.prepared with grain

34.Visitors sometimes fine Americans behave in a strange, confusing or unbelievable way, probably because _____.
A.Americans are hard to understand
B.Americans have values which are entirely different from their own
C.they view Americans according to the values in their own society
D.it is difficult to understand any people when you first encounter them

35.How can you understand a surprising behavior or statement of an American when you visit the United States?
A.By linking it to the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of the Americans.
B.By comparing it with the values of yourself and your country.
C.By expressing one or more of the values in this booklet.
D.By looking at the particular group of people who behave or speak that way.

PART TWO
Ⅳ.Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items)
   將下列漢語(yǔ)單詞譯成英語(yǔ)。作為提示，每個(gè)單詞的詞類、首字母及字母數(shù)目均已給出。請(qǐng)將完整的單詞寫在答題紙上。
36.護(hù)照                n.  p_______    37.畢業(yè)生       n.    g_______
38.減輕；救濟(jì)          n.  r_____      39.貨物，船貨   n.    c_______
40.深?yuàn)W的，深刻的      a.  p_______    41.使延長(zhǎng)       v.    l_______
42.城市的              a.  u_____      43.任命         v.    a_______
44.誠(chéng)實(shí)                n.  h_____      45.強(qiáng)迫         v.    c_______
46.批評(píng)的，批判的      a.  c______     47.獻(xiàn)身，忠誠(chéng)   n.    d______
48.效率高的            a.  e______     49.手工的       a.    m_______
50.日常工作，常規(guī)      n.  r______     51.中立的       a.    n_______
52.朝氣蓬勃的          a.  y______     53.提高         v.    h_______
54.附加的；另外的      a.  a______     55.家庭的；家庭 a.&n. h_______

Ⅴ.Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each item)
   將括號(hào)中的各詞變?yōu)檫m當(dāng)?shù)男问教钊肟瞻�。答案寫在答題紙上。
56.______(stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.
57.It is said the conference is ______(hold) in this hall next month.
58.Little did they realize that they _____(make) an important discovery in science.
59.we would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere _____(appreciate) of your help.
60.As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used in experiments may decrease, but stopping ____(test) on animals altogether is a long way away.
61.Large or fat people who want to look ____(small) than they are usually wear dark clothes.
62.Robots, becoming ______(increase) prevalent in factories, are programmed and engineered to do more jobs.
63.The author of the text expresses a strong _____(disapprove) of working on and off frequently.
64.He would have given you more help, if he ______ (not be) so busy.
65.A life _____(live)without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed.

Ⅵ.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points for each item)
   將下列各句譯成英語(yǔ)并將答案寫在答題紙上。
66.圖書管理員要求學(xué)生有讀完雜志后放回原處。
67.警察已著手對(duì)這個(gè)案子進(jìn)行細(xì)致、全面的調(diào)查。
68.你是否把所有的錢都從銀行里取出來(lái)由你自己決定。
69.他對(duì)妻子要離開(kāi)他的威脅沒(méi)有在意。
70.如果你堅(jiān)持不聽(tīng)我的話，我就是要懲罰你。

Ⅶ.Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)
   將下列短文譯成漢語(yǔ)并將答案寫在答題紙上。
   When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or upsetting situation.

   For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then predicts the situation, acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn't sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And if he cannot make things work out right, he doesn't feel ashamed that he has failed; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook on life, a special feeling about life, and knows how to fit into it.

參考答案
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points,1 point for each item)
1.A        2.C         3.B         4.B           5.D
6.A        7.A         8.D         9.C           10.D

Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)
11.B       12.D        13.D        14.A          15.B
16.C       17.A        18.B        19.A          20.C

Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension(30 points, 2 points for each item)
21.D       22.C        23.B        24.C          25.A
26.D       27.C        28.D        29.C          30.A
31.C       32.D        33.A        34.C          35.A

Ⅳ.Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items)
36.passport       37.graduate        38.relief          39.cargo
40.profound       41.lengthen        42.urban           43.appoint
44.honesty        45.compel          46.critical        47.devotion
48.efficient      49.manual          50.routine         51.neutral
52.youthful       53.heighten        54.additional      55.household

Ⅴ.Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each item)
56.Standing       57.to be held      58.had made        59.appreciation
60.testing        61.smaller         62.increasingly    63.disapproval
64.had not been   65.lived

Ⅵ.Translation from Chinese into English(15 points, 3 points for each item)
66.The librarian asked the students to replace the magazines after reading.
67.The police have taken a detailed and comprehensive investigation into the case.
68.It's up to you whether you will withdraw all your money form the bank.
69.He took no notice of his wife's threat to leave him.
70.If you persist in ignoring what I (have) said , I will punish you.

Ⅶ.Translation from English into Chinese(15 points)

   談到聰明，我們不是指在某些種類的考試中得高分、或者在學(xué)校取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)的能力。我們所指的聰明是一種生活和行為的方式，尤其是在新的或者令人不安的情況下的生活行為方式。

   比如，遇到新的情況，聰明人考慮的不是自己，或者自己會(huì)出什么事，而是盡一切努力了解情況，然后預(yù)測(cè)形勢(shì)，并立即采取行動(dòng)解決問(wèn)題。他或許并不知道行動(dòng)的結(jié)局如何，但至少他會(huì)盡力而為。如果他無(wú)法解決好問(wèn)題，他不會(huì)因?yàn)槭�敗而感到難堪，他只會(huì)從錯(cuò)誤中取教訓(xùn)。聰明人即使年齡很小也對(duì)生活有特殊的態(tài)度、特殊的情感，并知道如何適應(yīng)生活。