考研英語寫作24分講座講義之幾種主要信函的寫法

　　1. 幾種主要信函的寫法

　　英文書信主要分為事務(wù)書信和個(gè)人書信兩種，前者是單位與單位之間或個(gè)人與單位之間來往的信件，后者是親朋好友之間的來往信件。事務(wù)書信包括申請(qǐng)信、推薦信、求職信、訂購信等等;個(gè)人書信包括慰問信、祝賀信、道歉信以及一般的個(gè)人信等等。在格式和語體方面，事務(wù)書信比較正規(guī)，而個(gè)人書信則比較隨便。在這部分中，我們結(jié)合信函的實(shí)用程度和考研作文對(duì)篇幅的一般要求選取了五種我們認(rèn)為有可能成為考研作文命題對(duì)象的信函。

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　�、� 求職信

　　求職信是用來向某一單位求取一份工作的信函，它屬于廣義的申請(qǐng)信的一種。之所以將求職信與其他類型的申請(qǐng)信分開來寫，是因?yàn)槠淠壳皯?yīng)用的普遍性和重要性，因此希望考生給予足夠的重視。

　　寫求職信時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　首先，措辭要禮貌，對(duì)求職單位要加以一定的褒揚(yáng)，并表示對(duì)該單位的向往之情，希望能到該單位工作。

　　第二，簡(jiǎn)潔、明了、具體地說明自己的能力和條件。因?yàn)榍舐毿磐ǔＪ歉��?jiǎn)歷一起寄給用人單位的，所以在信中提到自己的能力和條件時(shí)，不是要簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)簡(jiǎn)歷中已有的內(nèi)容，而是要用簡(jiǎn)潔、明了、具體的語言提出自己特別突出的或者可能引起用人單位特別的注意的能力和條件。

　　第三，對(duì)于要求取的工作崗位，要特別寫明，給用人單位一個(gè)考慮選擇的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　第四，要突出招聘者的利益，不要一味強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的需要和期望。

　　求職信一般分為三個(gè)部分來寫，至于分成幾段，沒有嚴(yán)格的要求。第一部分說明從哪里得到的關(guān)于這份工作的信息，又或者寫信人只是投求職信碰碰運(yùn)氣。

　　第二部分主要是推銷自己，表達(dá)自己對(duì)應(yīng)聘職位的興趣以及介紹自己的最突出的能力和條件。如果求職者對(duì)應(yīng)聘職位沒有太多的了解，可以特別表達(dá)一向愿意接受新挑戰(zhàn)的愿望，并強(qiáng)調(diào)一下自己在適應(yīng)新環(huán)境、處理人際關(guān)系方面的能力。

　　最后一部分當(dāng)然是表達(dá)一下希望，例如希望能得到面試的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　下面給出一封齊頭式的求職信，省略了信頭和信內(nèi)地址，從稱呼開始。

　　Dear Sir or Madam:

　　I am writing in response to the advertisement you placed in the Sunday paper for a sales manager in your company. Your company has a reputation for producing high-quality products like Mandolin network system. I am interested in joining such a professional organization.

　　As you can see from the enclosed resume, my previous work in an export company has provided me with lots of opportunities to contact all kinds of customers and suppliers home and abroad. By communicating with them, I have got very familiar with the international trade and the current market. Besides, my educational training at university concentrated also on international trade which equipped me with a solid foundation in sales and trade.

　　As such, I believe that my service could be of great benefit to your company in terms of customer relation and new business connections.

　　I hope to have an opportunity to meet your human resource manager in order to let you know more about me. I enclose a resume and could be available for an interview at your convenience. Looking forward to hearing from you and thank you for your consideration.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　J.S. Wu

　�、� 其他申請(qǐng)信

　　當(dāng)一個(gè)人想得到某種機(jī)會(huì)或某些東西，如申請(qǐng)得到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金、求學(xué)、申請(qǐng)出國(guó)簽證等，往往通過申請(qǐng)信來請(qǐng)求。

　　寫申請(qǐng)信的時(shí)候一般應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　首先，語氣要誠(chéng)摯友好，措辭要嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，千萬不要表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)求的意思。

　　第二，對(duì)于申請(qǐng)的內(nèi)容和原因一定要寫得非常清楚，不能含糊。

　　第三，盡管不能表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)求的意思，但是期望得到的心情一定要表達(dá)出來。

　　申請(qǐng)信如何分段，也沒有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，其內(nèi)容一般應(yīng)包括以下幾個(gè)部分：明確是在寫申請(qǐng);申請(qǐng)的具體內(nèi)容和緣由;自己的情況和條件;提出要求，如回信、面試等等。每一部分都要做到清晰、簡(jiǎn)明。

　　對(duì)于不同的申請(qǐng)內(nèi)容，在介紹自己情況的時(shí)候也要有不同的側(cè)重。例如在求學(xué)信中，應(yīng)比較側(cè)重介紹自己已有的學(xué)位及專業(yè)情況;在申請(qǐng)留學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)資助的信中，應(yīng)著重介紹自己的學(xué)業(yè)及學(xué)術(shù)水平，因?yàn)閲?guó)外很多學(xué)校頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金是以此為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。

　　以下是兩封申請(qǐng)信，第一封是求學(xué)信，另一封是申請(qǐng)留學(xué)資助的，第一封信用的是齊頭式，第二封信用的是縮進(jìn)式，信頭和信內(nèi)地址都已省略。

　　Dear Sir or Madam:

　　I am writing to apply for admission to your university to pursue my M.S. degree. I have read the annual prospectus issued by your university and found that it has the best graduate program of chemistry. I am greatly interested in the program.

　　I graduated in 1997 from Beijing University, majoring in Chemistry and holding a B. S. degree. At university, I took many fundamental courses in Chemistry and my English is excellent as I had served as the head of English Association for two years. Since then I have been teaching Chemistry in Beijing Normal University. Through my teaching experience, I have not only deepened my understanding in this field, but mastered many complicated research skills as well.

　　Two of my former professors and the present dean of our department have kindly written letters of recommendation for me, as enclosed with this letter.

　　Could you please send me the necessary forms and any information about financial aid in your program?

　　Thank you very much. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　Fan Wei

　　Dear Sir or Madam:

　　I wish to apply for admission to your department as a graduate student. I am writing to ask whether it will be possible for you to grant me a full scholarship, considering my academic record and the fact that I have no relatives or friends in America who can act as my sponsor.

　　I completed a four-year course in chemistry at Beijing University last June. During my four years in the university, I have passed all the required courses of study with satisfactory marks. With Chemistry as my major, I minored in Physics and Mathematics. Enclosed herewith is my transcript from the department concerned.

　　My English is very good. I have been learning English since early childhood with the help of my father who is a professor of English in Fudan University, Shanghai. I therefore believe that I will not have language difficulties while studying in the United States.

　　I should be most grateful if you would give my request favorable consideration. Thank you very much and look forward to your reply.

　　Sincerely yours,

　　Wu Li

　　最后列舉一些寫申請(qǐng)信常用的表達(dá)法，供考生參考：

　　I am writing to you because I wish to …

　　I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information about your college and the application forms …

　　I am a graduate from …，I am very interested in …

　　Please send me all relevant information concerning the program you offer.

　　I should be most grateful to you if you would send me …

　　I would appreciate very much if you could send me …

　　Thank you for your consideration and I look forward to your favorable reply.

　　Enclosed in this letter please find three letters of recommendation and a certified copy of my transcript.