主謂一致是指:
1) 語法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。
2) 意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。
3) 就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語,
一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。
There is much water in the thermos.
但當不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)
Reading and writing are very important.
注意: 當主語由and連結(jié)時,如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例題
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注: 先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時,先排除A.,C.。本題易誤選D,因為The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個人,但仔細辨別, monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應(yīng)選B。
主謂一致中的靠近原則
1) 當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時,謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2)當either… or… 與neither… nor, 連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo),而主語又不止一個時,謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
謂語動詞與前面的主語一致
當主語后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時,謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.