眾所周知,英語的被動語態(tài)是由be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。有人認為似乎所有的及物動詞都可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的被動語。其實不然,至少在某種意義上,有些及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。
一、當句子的謂語是表示“擁有”、“容納”、“缺少”概念的及物動詞時。例如:
1.The millionaire possesses great wealth.這位百萬富翁擁有大量的財富。
不能說:Great wealth is possessed by the millionaire.
2.The newly-constructed reservoir holds a lot of water.新水庫蓄水量很大。
不能說:A lot of water is held by the newly-constructed reser-voir.
3.The house comprises five rooms.這幢房子有五個房間。
不能說:Five rooms are comprised by the house.
4,John Smith always lacks confidence.約翰·史密斯總是缺乏自信心。
不能說:Confidence is always lacked by John Smith.
二、當句子的謂語是表示“適合”的及物動詞,如suit,become,fit等時,沒有相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。
1.The blue skirt becomes Mary very well.這條藍裙子瑪麗穿上去很合適。
不能說:Mary is become very well by the blue skirt.
2.Will the date suit you?這個日子對你合適嗎?
不能說:Will you be suited by the date?
3.We should fit our deeds to our words.我們應(yīng)該言行一致。
不能說:Our deeds should be fitted to our words by us.
三、當句子的謂語是表示“相互作用”的及物動詞,如:equal,mean,resemble等時。
1.No one equals him in intelligence.他的智力是無與倫比的。
不能說:He is equaled by no one in intelligence.
2.Revolution means liberating productive force.革命就是解放生產(chǎn)力。
不能說:Liberating productive force is meant by revolution.
3.The two boys resemble each other in appearance.這兩個男孩長得相似。
不能說:Each other is resembled by the two boys in appearance.
四、當句子的謂語是表示“明白”意義的及物動詞,如:get,catch,take時,也沒有相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。
1.The boy said,“I didn’t catch the last two words.”這個男孩說:“我沒聽清楚最后兩個詞。”
不能說:The boy said,“The last two words weren’t caught by me.”
2.I don’t take you at all.你說的我一點也不懂。
不能說:You aren’t taken by me at all.
五、動詞have作“有、接受、度過、吃、經(jīng)歷”解時,沒有被動語態(tài)。
1.I have five good dictionaries.我有五本好詞典。
不能說:Five good dictionaries are had by me.
2.I had three letters from Mr.Green.我收到過格林先生三封信。
不能說:Three letters were had by me from Mr.Green.
3.We shall have a good Spring Festival.我們將過一個愉快的春節(jié)。
不能說:A good Spring Festival will be had by us.