2013中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教師招聘基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)資料4

　　第一篇 詞法

　　四、 形容詞、副詞

　　(一) 知識(shí)概要

　　形容詞的用法很活躍，在英語(yǔ)中用處也很多，但英語(yǔ)中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)和詞組有時(shí)不同，要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可 數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下：many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下：much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of�！∑渲衧ome, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞�！∮⒄Z(yǔ)中形容詞與副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之分，其規(guī)則如下：

　　構(gòu)詞法 原 級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) 加er，或est Tall

　　young taller��

　　younger

　　tallest

　　youngest

　　只加r或st nice��

　　large

　　nicer

　　larger

　　nicest��

　　largest

　　重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音 字母時(shí)雙寫(xiě)該字母加er、est big��

　　fat��

　　hot

　　bigger

　　fatter

　　hotter

　　biggest��

　　fattest

　　hottest

　　不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞：��

　　原 級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)

　　good better best

　　Well better best

　　bad worse worst

　　badly worse worst

　　many more most

　　most more most

　　little less lest

　　far farther

　　further

　　farthest

　　furthest

　　old older��

　　elder

　　oldest��

　　eldest

　　要注意的是許多形容詞同時(shí)又是副詞，如：back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過(guò)一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞，其規(guī)律如下：��

　　構(gòu)詞法 形容詞 副 詞

　　一般加ly Careful

　　kind

　　carefully

　　kindly

　　尾是y時(shí)將y變成i加ly Happy

　　busy

　　easy

　　Happily

　　busily

　　easily

　　其 他 true

　　terrible

　　full

　　possible

　　shy

　　whole

　　truly

　　terribly

　　fully

　　possibly

　　shyly

　　wholly

　　在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中要注意其變化。

　　此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞。能修飾比較級(jí)的有：much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even 和a little. 能修飾最高級(jí)的有：the very, much the, far等。

　　(二) 正誤辨析

　　[誤] The young likes playing football very much.

　　[正] The young like playing football very much.

　　[析] 定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人，應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時(shí)則要看作單數(shù)，如：The beautiful is not always kindness.美麗并不總代表善良。

　　[誤] The danger has gone, so the worst are over.

　　[正] The danger has gone, so the worst is over.

　　[析] 意為："危險(xiǎn)已經(jīng)過(guò)去，最困難的狀況已結(jié)束。"用定冠詞加最高級(jí)形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。

　　[誤] It is the gold age of the young.

　　[正] It is the golden age of the young.

　　[析] golden在英語(yǔ)中多用于比喻，如：golden hair金發(fā)，gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的，如：a gold bar金條，a gold coin金幣，但gold fish 金魚(yú)例外。

　　[誤] She is a warm heart woman.

　　[正] She is a warm�瞙earted woman.

　　[析] 英語(yǔ)形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多，其中之一是由形容詞，或數(shù)詞，加名詞加ed構(gòu)成，如：　warm�瞙oarted 熱心腸的，white�瞙aired 白毛的

　　[誤] There is an alive fish in the pool.

　　[正] There is a living fish in the pool.

　　[析] 在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以a字母開(kāi)頭的形容詞一般不能作定語(yǔ)，只能作表語(yǔ)。如：The fish is alive.(魚(yú)還活著)這樣的形容詞有：alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake等。

　　[誤] The ill man nearly died.

　　[正] The sick man nearly died.

　　[析] ill一般不作定語(yǔ)來(lái)形容某人有病，而要用sick，但作表語(yǔ)時(shí)則都可以。如：He is ill sick, ill作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則另有他意，如：ill luck (厄運(yùn))，ill nature(天性惡劣),ill temper(心緒不好)

　　[誤] I have important something to tell you.

　　[正] I have something important to tell you.

　　[析] 不定代詞something, anyone, somebody…在用形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞，不符合上述規(guī)律。如：I have an important thing to tell you.

　　[誤] I'll be free on next Sunday.

　　[正] I'll be free next Sunday.

　　[析] 在表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候：next Sunday, next week, next year或last Sunday last week, last year前都不加介詞。

　　[誤] The girl is two�瞴ear old.

　　[正] The girl is two years old.

　　[正] She is a two�瞴ear�瞣ld girl��

　　[析] 由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞……組成的形容詞，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要記住兩點(diǎn)，其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：two�瞭housand�瞱ord report(兩千字的報(bào)告);其二是這樣構(gòu)成的形容詞只能作定語(yǔ)，即用于名詞之前，而不能作表語(yǔ)。

　　[誤] The foreigners like those little beautiful Chinese paintings.

　　[正] The foreigners like those beautiful little Chinese paintings.

　　[析] 在名詞前若有幾個(gè)形容詞作修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序如下。

　　1. 指示代詞，定冠詞 2. 數(shù)量詞 3. 性質(zhì)詞 4. 大小　 5. 形狀 6. 老少，新舊 7. 顏色 8. 材料

　　但要注意的是英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣是一個(gè)名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個(gè)。

　　如： What a pretty little white horse!��

　　Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand.

　　[誤] The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day.

　　[正] The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day.

　　[析] good是形容詞，這里是修飾動(dòng)詞speak的，所以應(yīng)用副詞well，但well作形容詞講時(shí)只作身體好。如：He is well.(他身體很好)。He is good.(他是個(gè)好人)。

　　[誤] The children play on the grass nappyly.

　　[正] The children play on the grass happily��

　　[析] 多音節(jié)y結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)應(yīng)將y變?yōu)閕再加ly.

　　[誤] The teacher looked angry at the students.

　　[正] The teacher looked angrily at the students.

　　[析] 英語(yǔ)中感觀動(dòng)詞后面要接形容詞，這時(shí)它是修飾主語(yǔ)的，如：The food smells good.食物聞起來(lái)很香。The teacher looked angry 老師看起來(lái)很生氣�！� 而此句的意思為："老師生氣地看著學(xué)生"，所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。

　　[誤] He worked with me friendly.

　　[正] He was friendly to me.

　　[析] 不是所有結(jié)尾是ly的詞都是副詞，但friendly是形容詞，這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ovely, lonely, costly, lively…monthly weekly…。但其中有些詞既是副詞，又是形容詞，如：early, hourly, monthly…

　　[誤] You can speak free in front of your friends.

　　[正] You can speak freely in front of your friends.

　　[析] free作為形容詞意為"自由的，有空閑的，免費(fèi)的"。作為副詞講則是"免費(fèi)"之意。而freely作為副詞則是"自由的，隨便的"。這些要注意的詞還 有：　hard 努力，艱苦 hardly 幾乎不 late 遲，晚　lately 最近的，最新的 near 近 nearly 幾乎　like 像 likely 幾乎

　　[誤] They must have arrived till now.

　　[正] They must have arrived by now.

　　[析] by now是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以應(yīng)用瞬間動(dòng)詞。而till now是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞�！�must have+過(guò)去分詞是對(duì)過(guò)去某一事情所作的肯定推測(cè)。

　　[誤] Someone called you right now.

　　[正] Someone called you just now.

　　[析] just now有兩個(gè)意思，其一是"剛才"，其二是"現(xiàn)在"，而right now只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just則用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，如： I have just finished my homework.

　　[誤] My father will be back from America at present.

　　[正] My father will be back from America presently.

　　[析] presently有兩個(gè)意思：其一是最近，不久，其二在美語(yǔ)中是現(xiàn)在之意，與at present相同。而for the present為暫時(shí)，如： I teach English in the school for the present.

　　[誤] I'll be back at the moment.

　　[正] I'll be back in a moment.

　　[析] at the moment 其意為"現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)時(shí)"，而in a moment意為"馬上過(guò)一會(huì)"，與in a minute意思相近。

　　[誤] The train from Shanghai will arrive here in time.

　　[正] The train from Shanghai will arrive here on time.

　　[析] on time為"準(zhǔn)時(shí)"，而in time有兩個(gè)含意。其一是"及時(shí)"，如：The doctor arrived in time。其二是"將來(lái)，終究"。

　　[誤] I met an old friend sometimes last month.

　　[正] I met an old friend sometime last month.

　　[析] Sometime 過(guò)去，或者將來(lái)某時(shí)�！�Sometimes 有時(shí)

　　如： Sometimes I go to school by bus.��Some time 一些時(shí)間

　　如： I need sometime to do my homework.�� Some times 幾次

　　如： I went to Shanghai sometimes this month.��

　　at times 有時(shí)，偶爾��

　　at all times 經(jīng)常��

　　some other time 改天

　　[誤] I had met an old friend three days ago.

　　[正] I had met an old friend three days before.

　　[正] I met an old friend three days ago.

　　* ago 用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中時(shí)，主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去時(shí)，而before用于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)則主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞宜用完成時(shí)態(tài)。

　　[誤] He studied very hard. and at the end he passed the exam.

　　[正] He studied very hard, and in the end he passed the exam.

　　[析] in the end=at last 意為"最終，終于"，表達(dá)經(jīng)過(guò)若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而at the end是在某事的結(jié)束時(shí)如何如何，如：At the end of class, the teacher gave us some story books。

　　[誤] I will come here to help you each three days.

　　[正] I will come here to help you every three days.

　　[析] every three days 為"每三天"，即每隔二天，而every other day為每隔一天。

　　[誤] He didn't go to the cinema yesterday. and I didn't go, too.

　　[正] He didn't go to the cinema yesterday and I didn't go either.

　　[析] 英語(yǔ)中表示"也"，有4個(gè)字，also, as well, too, either，但either用于否定句中，而前3個(gè)用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too與as well一般要用在句尾，而also則可用于句中。如：She went to the party and her boy friend went there too. 又如： I've also read her other novels.

　　[誤] We should help the poor girl in anyway.

　　[正] We should help the poor girl in any way.

　　[析] anyway為"不管怎么"講，"無(wú)論如何"，如：What a terrible accident, anyway no one was hurt.

　　any way 為"任何方式"。這種常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中，如：

　　everyday 日常的 every day 每天

　　faraway 遙遠(yuǎn)的 far away 遠(yuǎn)離

　　altogether 總計(jì) all together 一塊，大家一起

　　already 已經(jīng) all ready 全準(zhǔn)備好了

　　[誤] You can come to the doctor's at anytime.

　　[正] You can come to the doctor's at any time.

　　[析] anytime 是副詞 而any time中的time是名詞。

　　[誤] She said nearly nothing.

　　[正] She said almost nothing.

　　[析] nearly 與 almost的含意相近，在很多場(chǎng)合可以互換，但在否定詞前用almost。

　　[誤] There are too much mistakes in your homework.

　　[正] There are too many mistakes in your homework.

　　[析] too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，如：There is too much water for the flowers. 而too many 后加可數(shù)名詞，much too 后面加形容詞，如：It is much too difficult to learn English well.

　　[誤] It is late enough that we can go home now.

　　[正] It is late enough for us to go home now.

　　[析] 要注意的是enough后面一般不接從句而接不定式，或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for somebody to do something。

　　[誤] The twins are very alike.

　　[正] The twins are much alike.

　　[析] 用a為首字母的形容詞不能用very修飾，一般要用much來(lái)修飾。

　　[誤] - How long does he write to his parents?��

　　- Once a week.

　　[正] - How often does he write to his parents?��

　　- Once a week.

　　[析] 英文與中文表達(dá)法不同，隔多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間辦一次某事，實(shí)際上問(wèn)的是該事發(fā)生的頻率，所以要用how often。

　　[誤] As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call up you.

　　[正] As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call you up.

　　[析] 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞詞組的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)則一定要放于動(dòng)詞之后，如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后�！∪纾篒 want to watch TV. Please turn on the TV. 也可以講： Please turn the TV on.

　　[誤] He drove quickly his new car.

　　[正] He drove his new car quickly.

　　[析] 副詞在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下幾種用法：①實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，如：He quickly give me the answer. ② 在be動(dòng)詞之后，如：The little boy is often late for class. ③ 第一助動(dòng)詞之后，如：This book has almost been finished. ④ 在單獨(dú)使用的be動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之前，如： Can you help me this afternoon? 　I certainly can.　但是無(wú)論如何也不能將副詞置于動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間，如果是賓語(yǔ)從句或是很長(zhǎng)的名詞

　　詞組作賓語(yǔ)則才可以這樣用：

　　He heard clearly what the teacher said.

　　[誤] The children came late yesterday to the cinema.

　　[正] The children came late to the cinema yesterday.

　　[析] 表示一定長(zhǎng)度的時(shí)間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào)則可放于句首。

　　[誤] You have few new books, haven't you?

　　[正] you have few new books, have you?

　　[析] 英語(yǔ)中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有few(很少，幾乎沒(méi)有)，a few(有一些，幾個(gè));修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有l(wèi)ittle (很少，幾乎沒(méi)有)，a little(有一點(diǎn)，有一些)。要注意的是當(dāng)few和little用于句中時(shí)應(yīng)看作否定句，而 a few 和a little 用于句中時(shí)則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。

　　[誤] He spent quite little money on his food.

　　[正] He spent quite a little money on his food.

　　[析] quite a 為一固定用法，其意為"十分，相當(dāng)，所以"。 quite a few=many, quite a little=much 而only a little=little, only a few=few.

　　[誤] Do you want to have many bread?

　　[正] Do you want to have some bread?

　　[析] some與any都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞，在一般情況下，some用于肯定句，any用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，應(yīng)用some。 其次是some 可以用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。

　　[誤] Please tell me where the shoes shop is?

　　[正] Please tell me where the shoe shop is.

　　[析] 在用名詞作修飾詞來(lái)修飾另一名詞時(shí)，這個(gè)作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，如：

　　a shoe shop 鞋店

　　a fruit shop 水果店

　　a book shop 書(shū)店

　　a post office 郵局

　　a police station 警察局

　　a bus stop 汽車站

　　[誤] He is weak at physics.

　　[正] He is weak in physics.

　　[析] 在表達(dá)擅長(zhǎng)于作某事時(shí)用be good at something, 而其反意詞為be bad at something， 但be weak in something。

　　[誤] This dictionary is worth to buy.

　　[正] This dictionary is worth buying.

　　[析] be worth 后可接動(dòng)、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事，又可接價(jià)格、金錢表示值多少錢。

　　[誤] Don't afraid of that.

　　[正] Don't be afraid of that.

　　[析] afraid 在英文中是形容詞而不是動(dòng)詞。這樣的詞組還有：

　　be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心

　　be certain of 有把握，確定 be sure of 確信

　　be glad of 高興 be sick of 厭惡

　　be fond of 喜歡

　　[誤] The work has already been done well.

　　[正] The work has already been well done.

　　[析] well 與badly作副詞時(shí)，表示好壞，如果句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則應(yīng)放在過(guò)去分詞之前，如：This machine has been badly damaged. 如果句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則應(yīng)放于句末，如：I did my homework well.

　　[誤] We are yet in the classroom now.

　　[正] We are already in the classroom now.

　　[析] already主要用于肯定句，而yet多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，如：

　　Did you finish it? No. not yet.

　　[誤] Look. Here comes he!

　　[正] Look! Here he comes!

　　[誤] Look! Here the bus comes!

　　[正] Look! Here comes the bus!

　　[析] 在句子開(kāi)頭用Here時(shí)，如主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，如果主語(yǔ)是名詞則要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。

　　[誤] She is my older sister.

　　[正] She is my elder sister.

　　[析] elder 和eldest是用來(lái)指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系，而older, oldest 則是指歲數(shù)大多少，如：She is three years older than I.

　　[誤] I'm tired. I can't go further.

　　[正] I'm tired. I can't go farther.

　　[析] far有兩個(gè)比較級(jí) farther 較遠(yuǎn)的，further 進(jìn)一步的，如：Do you need any further explanation? 你需要進(jìn)一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個(gè)最高級(jí)。farthest和furthest.

　　[誤] I went to Beijing University five years before.

　　[正] I went to Beijing University five years ago.

　　[析] ago常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用，而before則多與完成時(shí)連用。

　　[誤] - Have you finished your homework?��

　　- No, not already.

　　[正] - Have you finished your homework?��

　　- No, not yet.

　　[析] 仍然有三個(gè)英文字可以表達(dá)它們是already， yet 與 still。 要注意的是 already經(jīng)常用于肯定句中，如The bus has already gone。 而yet 多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，如：Have you finished your homework yet? 而still則常用于主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間，如：We still can't decide what to do. 但也有時(shí)用于be 動(dòng)詞之后，如：He is still here.

　　[誤] He is very higher than I am.

　　[正] He is much higher than I am.

　　[析] much可以用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)，而very則用來(lái)修飾形容詞原級(jí)，如：I'm very tired.

　　[誤] - Can I walk to the station?��- You'd better not. It is very far.

　　[正] - Can I walk to the station?��

　　- You'd better not, It is a long way.

　　[析] for一般用在疑問(wèn)句與否定句中，如：How far is it from here to the station? 又如：It isn't far.

　　[誤] I've ever been to America.

　　[正] I've been to America once.

　　[析] once 多用于肯定句，而ever則用于疑問(wèn)句，否定句，及條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如：Have you ever been to London?

　　[誤] - Could you pass the exam this time?��

　　- No, I am not afraid so.

　　[正] - Could you pass the exam this time?��

　　- No, I'm afraid not.

　　[析] 在肯定的答語(yǔ)中我們可以用so來(lái)代替上句所講的事件，如：Do you think she is a good student? Yes I think so, /I hope so, /I believe so/ I'm afraid so.但在否定的答語(yǔ)中，英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同，如，I don't think so 而在hope, belive 與 afraid后則常用not， 如：I hope not.

　　[誤] She didn't work enough hard, so she couldn't pass the exam.

　　[正] She didn't work hard enough, so she couldn't pass the exam.

　　[析] enough 可以作名詞用，如：Enough has been said for how to learn English well. (對(duì)于如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。)　另外它可以作為形容詞，如：I have enough money (or money enough) to buy this dictionary. 注意 enough作為形容詞時(shí)即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后，在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果enough 作為副詞用，那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。

　　[誤] You can't be very careful.

　　[正] You can't be too careful.

　　[析] 此句話的含意是你如何小心也不過(guò)分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)也常常將后面的to省去，如：It is too expensive for me.那對(duì)我來(lái)講是太貴了。

　　[誤] He is good past fifty.

　　[正] He is well past fifty.

　　[析] well 作為副詞用時(shí)除用于"好"之外還有"大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地"，等意。往往有人對(duì)下面兩句的對(duì)或錯(cuò)有爭(zhēng)議;

　　He is well.

　　He is good.

　　其實(shí)這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法，只不過(guò)其含意不同。He is well是"他身體不錯(cuò)"，而He is good 則為"他是個(gè)好人"。

　　[誤] She is not as half clever as her brother.

　　[正] She is not half as clever as her brother.

　　[析] 在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及nearly, almost, exactly… 等置�┯诘谝华獋�(gè)as之前。

　　[誤] He is same age as Tom.

　　[正] He is the same age as Tom.

　　[析] the same…as是固定的用法，其中定冠詞the是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。

　　[誤] Mother and her daughter are exactly like.

　　[正] Mother and her daughter are exactly alike.

　　* like 作為介詞，其意為"像"，應(yīng)用于 look like, be like, sound like, 其后要加賓語(yǔ)。而 �゛like�� 是形容詞，或副詞，如: You and I think alike. The twins are dressed alike。 但 alike 僅作表語(yǔ)而不能用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。

　　[誤] Who is taller of the two?

　　[正] Who is the taller of the two?

　　[析] 兩者的比較級(jí)之前要加定冠詞。

　　[誤] I have less books than Tom.

　　[正] I have fewer books than Tom.

　　[析] less 是 little的比較級(jí)，而fewer是few的比較級(jí)。less后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。

　　[誤] There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary.

　　[正] There are three girls in my group. The cleverest is Mary.

　　[析] 在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。

　　[誤] The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.

　　[正] The boy sat there as quietly as his sister.

　　[析] as…as的用法要注意的是：①在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，而不可加比較級(jí)，也有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)中稱為同級(jí)比較。②要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞，這要看它具體是修飾動(dòng)詞還是名詞而定，如：He is as good as his friend.

　　[誤] The harder you study, and you can learn more.

　　[正] The harder you study, the more you can learn.

　　[析] 英文中如果要表達(dá)越來(lái)越怎樣，在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法：①比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)。②定冠詞+比較級(jí)……，如：The nights are getting longer and longer。 要注意的是多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)前要加more，這樣的用法是：more and more 加形容詞，如：The girl is growing more and more beautiful.

　　[誤] Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English.

　　[正] Studying physics is not so interesting as learning English.

　　[析] 在作比較時(shí)，英語(yǔ)一般要求對(duì)比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動(dòng)名詞，應(yīng)都用動(dòng)名詞，用不定式時(shí)則都用不定式。但有時(shí)在后一個(gè)不定式前的符號(hào)to可以省略。 如：To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one.

　　[誤] The girl is more cleverer than the boy.

　　[正] The girl is much more clever (much cleverer) than the boy.

　　[析] clever有兩個(gè)比較級(jí)：cleverer和more clever,要注意的是不能用比較級(jí)來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)�！�clever的兩個(gè)比較級(jí)也各有不同之處，如用在兩種不同性質(zhì)的比較時(shí)多用more clever,如：He is more clever than honest. (他的聰明要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)其誠(chéng)實(shí)。)

　　[析] The boy is the tallest to the three.

　　[正] The boy is the tallest of the three.

　　[析] 最高級(jí)的范圍要用of加復(fù)數(shù)形式或加集合名詞。

　　[誤] This book is one of the most useful dictionary.

　　[正] This book is one of the most useful dictionaries.

　　[析] 在one of 后面最高級(jí)形容詞后要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。

　　[誤] This dictionary is the much best one of the English�睠hinese dictionaries.

　　[正] This dictionary is much the best one of the English�睠hinese dictionaries.

　　[析] 在修飾最高級(jí)時(shí)應(yīng)用 far/by far/much 加the加最高級(jí)。但very例外，如：He is the very best player in the team.

　　[誤] Shanghai is bigger than any other cities in China.

　　[正] Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.

　　[析] 在比較級(jí)中表示比較對(duì)象時(shí)如用any other其后一般要加單數(shù)名詞。

　　[誤] Most of stories in this book are written in English.

　　[正] Most of the stories in this book are written in English.

　　[正] Most stories in this book are written in English.

　　[析] "大多數(shù)"一詞的表達(dá)法有most of the +名詞，或most+名詞。當(dāng)用前一種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其后面的定冠詞不可少。

　　[誤] The temperature of that room is higher than this room.

　　[正] The temperature of that room is higher than that of this room.

　　[析] 比較級(jí)用于兩句話之間時(shí)，比較的部分不可省略掉，但為了避免重復(fù)，一般都要用that代替前面的單數(shù)名詞，而用those代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：The books in that box are bigger than those in this box。

　　[誤] He is no more here. Maybe he is at home.

　　[正] He is no longer here. Maybe he is at home.

　　[析] no more在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中多譯為："從此再也不會(huì)了"，如：His voice is no more here. 他已經(jīng)去世了，他的聲音不可能再出現(xiàn)了。而用no longer 表達(dá)目前的狀態(tài)。要注意下面幾組句子的實(shí)際含意：　This room is no cleaner than that one.即兩間屋子都不干凈。(兩者都不干凈) This room is not cleaner than that one,即這屋子不如那間干凈。(前者不如后者干凈。即一間干凈，一間不干凈。)

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