2010考研英語模擬題及詳解(知識運用部分匯編)

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2010年教育部考試中心考研英語模擬試題----知識運用部分匯編

　　Section ⅠUse of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　一、美陪審團制度

　　As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a “common law”, or law made by courts__1__a monarch or other central governmental__2__like a legislature. The jury, a__3__of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an__4__ part of our common-law system.

　　Use of juries to decide cases is a__5__feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.__6__the centuries, many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result__7__would be obtained using a judge__8__, as many countries do.__9__a jury decides cases after “__10__”, or discussions among a group of people, the jury’s decision is likely to have the__11__ from many different people from different backgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right.

　　Juries are used in both civil cases, which decide__12__ among__13__ citizens, and criminal cases, which decide cases brought by the government __14__ that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and__15__. Jurors, consisting of __16__ numbers, are called for each case requiring a jury.

　　The judge__17__to the case__18__the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states,__19__jurors are questioned by the judge; in others, they are questioned by the lawyers representing the__20__under rules dictated by state law.

　　1. [A] other than [B] rather than [C] more than [D] or rather

　　2. [A] agency [B] organization [C] institution [D] authority

　　3. [A] panel [B] crew [C] band [D] flock

　　4. [A] innate [B] intact [C] integral [D] integrated

　　5. [A]discriminating[B] distinguishing [C] determining [D] diminishing

　　6. [A] in [B] by [C] after [D] over

　　7. [A] that [B] which [C] than [D] as

　　8. [A] alike [B] alone [C] altogether [D] apart

　　9. [A] Although [B] Because [C] If [D] While

　　10.[A] deliberations [B] meditations [C] reflections [D] speculations

　　11.[A] outline [B] outcome [C] input [D] intake

　　12.[A] arguments [B] controversies [C] disputes [D] hostilities

　　13.[A] fellow [B] individual [C] personal [D] private

　　14.[A] asserting [B] alleging [C] maintaining [D] testifying

　　15.[A] assembled [B] evoked [C] rallied [D] summoned

　　16.[A] set [B] exact [C] given [D] placed

　　17.[A] allocated [B] allotted [C] appointed [D] assigned

　　18.[A] administers [B] manages [C] oversees [D] presides

　　19.[A] inspective [B] irrespective [C] perspective [D] prospective

　　20.[A] bodies [B] parties [C] sides [D] units

　　答案

　　1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7.C 8.B 9. B 10. A

　　11. C 12. C 13.D 14.B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B

　　總體分析

　　本文介紹了美國的陪審團制度。第一段指出，陪審團是美國共同法系統(tǒng)的基本組成部分。第二段分析了使用陪審團的原因。第三和四段分別介紹了陪審團的類型和選舉程序。

　　全文翻譯

　　美國的建國之父們作為大英帝國的前殖民者沿襲了其法律系統(tǒng)。我們有“共同法”，即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法機關(guān)這樣的中央政府權(quán)利機關(guān)制定的法律。陪審團由一群選來裁決案件的普通公民組成，是我們共同法系統(tǒng)基本的組成部分。

　　使用陪審團裁決案件是美國法律系統(tǒng)的一個顯著特征。在世界上很少有其他國家和美國一樣使用陪審團。幾個世紀以來，許多人已經(jīng)相信在大多數(shù)情況下陪審團比許多國家那樣單獨使用一位法官達成的結(jié)果更公平、公正。因為陪審團裁決案件是在一群人“審議”或討論后，因此他們的決定可能受到不同背景的不同人的影響，這些人必須作為一個團體來決定什么是正確的。

　　陪審團既被用在裁決普通公民之間糾紛的民事案件中，也用在裁決政府提出訟訴聲稱個人犯罪的刑事案件中。陪審團成員從美國公民中選出并被傳喚。由固定人數(shù)組成的陪審團在每一個需要陪審團的案件中都會被召喚。

　　被指派負責案件的法官監(jiān)督陪審團成員的選舉。在一些州，未來的陪審團成員由法官詢問，而在另一些州，他們遵照州法律規(guī)定的法規(guī)接受代表各方當事人的律師的詢問。