均可表“現(xiàn)在”,“目前”。
current強(qiáng)調(diào)在現(xiàn)階段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (當(dāng)代英語)
present為常用詞,指現(xiàn)在正在通用的,在時(shí)間上比current的范圍更窄。如:What’s your present address?(你現(xiàn)住址是哪里?)
62. custom, habit
均可表習(xí)慣。
custom為正式用詞,多指社團(tuán)或人們的習(xí)慣行為方式。
habit為常用詞,多指?jìng)(gè)人因多次重復(fù)而形成做某事的趨勢(shì)或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的壞習(xí)慣。)
63. damage, destroy, harm, ruin
均可表“破壞”,“損壞”。
damage一般指部分性的破壞,含可修復(fù)使用。
destroy指十分徹底的毀壞,破壞。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整個(gè)城市被毀了。)
harm多指帶來悲痛,產(chǎn)生惡果的傷害,可以是肉體的也可是精神的。如:Doctors say smoking harms our health.(醫(yī)生說吸煙對(duì)身體有害。)
ruin為正式用詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于自然力或時(shí)間的作用而逐漸損壞,用于比喻時(shí)也指徹底毀壞名聲,期望等。如:She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在畫上,把它毀了。)另外,ruin的復(fù)數(shù)形式ruins表“廢墟”。
64. decrease, reduce
decrease多表示逐漸縮小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(腫脹日漸消退。)
reduce為常用詞,使用范圍較大,可指尺寸,數(shù)量,規(guī)模和程度等,也可指地位,經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。如:He won’t reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)
65. dependent, independent
dependent依賴的,依靠的(on, upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.
Independent 不依靠的,獨(dú)立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.
66. desert, dessert
desert沙漠。如:Have you ever been to a desert?
Dessert甜食。如:What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?
67. discover, invent
discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.
invent發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.
68. duty, responsibility
均有“責(zé)任”之意,可換用。
duty意義較廣,多指發(fā)自內(nèi)心的道德倫理上的責(zé)任感。
responsibility著重指從道義或法律上對(duì)事件之后果負(fù)責(zé)。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承擔(dān)打破花瓶的全部責(zé)任。)
69. effective, efficient
均可表示“有效的”。
effective常用以指物,強(qiáng)調(diào)能產(chǎn)生某種預(yù)期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。
efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,著重有效地利用時(shí)間、精力并取得預(yù)期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德國(guó)的電話系統(tǒng)效率很高。)
70. economic, economical
economic經(jīng)濟(jì)(學(xué))的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉圖的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說)
economical節(jié)約的,節(jié)儉的。如:He is economical of money and time.
71. electric, electrical, electronic
三詞都與電有關(guān)
electric著重于發(fā)電的,電動(dòng)的或?qū)щ姷。如:electric generator(發(fā)電機(jī));electric light(電燈)
electrical多指本身不產(chǎn)生電,但是與電有關(guān)的。如:electrical engineering(電機(jī)工程);an electrical transcription(廣播唱片)
electronic 電子的,電子操作的。如:electronic engineering(電子工程學(xué))
72. emergence, emergency
emergence是emerge的名詞形式。
Emergency意為“緊急情況”,“突然事件”。
73. everyday, every day
everyday每日的,日常的(作定語)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.
every day每天(作狀語)。如:She gets up early every day.
74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand
都表忍受,忍耐。
bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、煩惱或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是難以忍受的。)
endure忍耐,書面語,指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間經(jīng)受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦難需要耐力。)
stand忍受,與bear同義,但較口語化。如:She can’t stand having nothing to do.(沒事干,她受不了。)
tolerate容忍,容許,指自我克制的態(tài)度,對(duì)于令人反感的事沒有任何抗議。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果繼續(xù)這樣下去的話,我決不會(huì)容忍他。)
withstand經(jīng)受,承受,指頂住外來的壓力和攻勢(shì)。如:They have withstood all test.(他們經(jīng)受了一切考驗(yàn)。)
75. error, mistake, fault, shortcoming
均表“缺點(diǎn)”,“錯(cuò)誤”。
error是通用詞,指任何錯(cuò)誤,“犯錯(cuò)誤”可以說commit /make an error。
mistake指判斷或理解方面,或指因考慮不周而造成的錯(cuò)誤,搭配是make a mistake。
fault表示“過失”,可與error通用,現(xiàn)多用來指缺點(diǎn),特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(這臺(tái)機(jī)器有一處毛病。)構(gòu)成短語 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。
shortcoming 缺點(diǎn),可指人或事物的本質(zhì)上不足之處(常用復(fù)數(shù))。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(盡管他缺點(diǎn)多,我仍然喜歡他。)
76. especially, particularly, specially
均可表“特別地”。
especially一般表示某事物在意義、程度、重要性性超過其他事物。如:I love Italy, especially in summer.(我喜歡意大利,尤其在夏天。)
particularly往往著重說明與同類事物不同的個(gè)別事物。如:The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(來訪者贊賞他所有的繪畫,特別是他女兒的畫像。)
specially 多表示“專門地”,“為特別目的的地”,如表“不尋!,“過分”等,可與especially通用。如:I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地為你做了巧克力蛋糕。)
77. exchange, replace, substitute
均含有“換”之意。
exchange指“互相交換”。
replace的含義為“替換”,“取代”。如:George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.(喬石治已接替愛德華擔(dān)任隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。)
substitute則表示“用……代替”。如:We substitute nylon for cotton.(我們用尼龍代替了棉花。)
78. fall, descend
都可表向下運(yùn)動(dòng)。
fall指由于重力突然從高處落下或因?yàn)槭テ胶舛。如:She slipped and fell down.(她滑了一下摔倒了。)
descend多指沿著斜面而緩慢向下移動(dòng)。如:He descended the hill.(他下山了。)
79. fame, honor, reputation
都可表名聲。
fame是常用詞,一般指好的名聲。如:He was not anxious for fame.(他并不渴望成名。)
honor榮譽(yù),尊敬,指受到公眾崇敬的榮譽(yù)和光榮。如:This is an honor more than I can deserve.(這光榮我受之有愧。)
reputation名譽(yù),指公眾對(duì)某人的看法,可好可壞。如:He has a reputation for laziness.(他的懶惰出了名。)
80. fell, fall
fell砍伐(樹木)。如:They are felling the trees.(他們?cè)诳硺洹?
fell也可作fall的過去式;fell作“砍伐”時(shí),它的過去式,過去分詞分別為felled, felled.
81. formally, formerly
formally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for the party.
formerly從前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher.
82. frank, honest, sincere
都與坦率有關(guān)。
frank直率的,坦白的,著重表達(dá)自己的情感和想法時(shí)沒有保留。如:To be frank with you, I do not know the answer myself.(老實(shí)說,我自己也不知道答案。)
honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的,正直的,指遵守正直等道德準(zhǔn)則。如:We want your honest opinion, not empty compliments.(我們需要你的誠(chéng)心懇的意見,而不是空洞的恭維。)
Sincere誠(chéng)摯的,誠(chéng)懇的,強(qiáng)調(diào)出自內(nèi)心的真心實(shí)意。如:Please accept this as a token of my sincere gratitude.(請(qǐng)接受這份表示我真誠(chéng)感謝的禮物。)
83. gaze, stare, glance, glimpse
都與“看”有關(guān)。
gaze“凝視”,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于驚奇、興趣,目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地注視。
Stare強(qiáng)調(diào)由于好奇、害怕或無意地睜大眼睛盯著看看。
glare“怒視”,是兇狠地含有威脅地盯著看。
glimpse“一瞥”,是短暫而急促地看,含有意地匆匆地看一眼,現(xiàn)多用作名詞。
[注意]一般表示“看”的單詞大多同at搭配構(gòu)成短,但glimpse卻有catch (have) a glimpse of這一搭配。
84. genius, gift, talent
都有天才之意。
genius天才,是這三詞中程度最高的詞。如:Shakespeare was a man of great genius.
gift天賦,比“天才”的意義要弱一點(diǎn),可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:He is a man of many gifts.(他多才多藝。)
talent才能,一般不用復(fù)數(shù),指通過學(xué)習(xí)和勤奮掌握的本領(lǐng)、技術(shù)和其他的活動(dòng)能力。如:As a novelist, he shows great talent in characterization.(作為小說家,他在描寫人物方面顯出很大的才能。)
85. get, achieve, acquire, attain, gain, obtain
均可表“獲得”。
get用得最廣,可指以各種方式獲得各種東西。如:Where can I get enough information?(我從哪兒能得到足夠的資料?)
achieve多指克服困難后取得勝利,成功,強(qiáng)調(diào)“得到”這一結(jié)果。如:He achieved his ambition in the end.(他最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的抱負(fù)。)
acquire指通過本身的努力逐漸獲得知識(shí)、能力和榮譽(yù)等。如:acquire knowledge(獲得知識(shí))。
attain為正式用詞,多用于莊重場(chǎng)合,主要指通過努力達(dá)到重要目的或得到珍貴的東西。如:The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.(那科學(xué)家由于一次新發(fā)現(xiàn)而出了名。)
gain多指付出極大努力后獲得或贏得給自己帶來優(yōu)勢(shì)的東西。如:They gained the victory after a bloody battle.(浴血奮戰(zhàn)后他們贏得了勝利。)
obtain多指憑努力或懇求得到急需或很想得到的東西。如:Howard had failed to obtain a scholarship.(霍華德沒能得到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。)
86. grasp, seize, snatch
都有“抓”的意思。
grasp為常用詞,是用適度的力量抓牢。
seize是突然用力抓住。
snatch“攫取”,指出其不意地,突然一把抓住并拿向自己。
87. hanged, hung
hang, hanged, hanged吊死。如:He hanged himself when he failed.
Hang, hung, hung懸掛。如:His pictures were hung in the museum.
88. haste, hurry, speed
都與速度有關(guān)。
haste急速,急忙,多指人的動(dòng)作迅速和匆忙。如:I felt no haste to depart.(我不急著走。)
hurry急忙,匆忙,常表示混亂,焦急和忙亂的意思。如:I forgot to pay my bill in my hurry.
Speed迅速,快,不暗示忙亂或焦急。如:More haste, less speed.(欲速則不達(dá)。)
89. hard, hardly
hard努力地。如:Take it easy. You’ve been working too hard.
hardly幾乎不,簡(jiǎn)直不。如:The children can hardly wait to hear the news.
90. home, house
home家。如:East or west, home is best.
House房子,住宅。如:Our new house is quite near the station.
北京 | 天津 | 上海 | 江蘇 | 山東 |
安徽 | 浙江 | 江西 | 福建 | 深圳 |
廣東 | 河北 | 湖南 | 廣西 | 河南 |
海南 | 湖北 | 四川 | 重慶 | 云南 |
貴州 | 西藏 | 新疆 | 陜西 | 山西 |
寧夏 | 甘肅 | 青海 | 遼寧 | 吉林 |
黑龍江 | 內(nèi)蒙古 |