annoy指外界的干擾令人討厭或無法忍受,或指某人故意去妨礙別人。
bother打擾,麻煩,指給人行動帶來不便或身心上帶來痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions?
disturb打擾,擾亂,指使正常秩序或一時的安定受到破壞,精力一時不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you.
32.answer, reply, respond
用作動詞,都可表“回答”,“答復”。
answer是常用詞,后可接letter(回信),question(回答問題),doorbell(開門),telephone(接電話),advertisement(應征廣告)等。
reply較正式,一般只作不及物動詞,可與to連用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的問題。)
respond作“回答”解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了問題。)
另外,respond還可表“對……反應”,“響應”。
33. appreciate, enjoy
appreciate指對事物有深刻的理解能力并能鑒賞。
enjoy是一般用語,僅指感官或智力上的滿足,“享受”的意味較強。
34. approve, prove
approve(1)贊成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費時間。)
(2)批準,通過。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部長批準了建筑計劃。
prove和approve詞形相似,prove是“證明”,“表明是”等。
35. argue, debate, dispute
argue著重“說理”,“論證”,“企圖說明”,且后可接that引導的從句。
debate著重雙方各自陳述理由,尤其是“公開地”、“正式地”辯論。如:The subject was hotly debated.
dispute著重就分歧進行熱烈的“爭論”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解決”的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses.
36. arise, rise, raise
arise表無形的東西(如困難,問題等)“出現(xiàn)”,“發(fā)生”。
rise指具體事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物動詞。如:The sun rises in the east.(太陽從東邊升起。)
raise為及物動詞,“使……上升”,“舉起”等。如:He raised his hand.(他舉了手。)
37. assure, ensure, insure
assure以十分肯定的語氣向別人保證某事一定會發(fā)生,后需連用人稱代詞或指人的名詞作賓語。
ensure表普通的“保證”。
insure表“保險”,有時同ensure可以換用。
38. awake, wake, waken
都可作動詞。
awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。
wake常指“睡醒”,多為不及物動詞。
waken多用作及物動詞,常指“吵醒”,“驚醒”。
39. await, wait
await是及物動詞。如:I await your further instructions.
wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物動詞,后常接介詞for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate.
40. award, prize, reward
award, reward作動詞。award意為“授予(獎品,獎金等)”,后面可跟雙賓語;reward意為“報酬”,“酬謝”,只能跟人或以人的行為作賓語。
award, prize, reward作名詞時,award常指獎金,獎品;prize多指在競賽、競爭中獲勝所贏得的獎;reward則指為某項勞動或行為所付的酬金。
41. base, basis
base表事物的下部的底部,多用于具體事物。
basis多用于比喻,主要指命題的基礎。如:His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意見缺乏現(xiàn)實基礎。)
42. beat, win
beat表在比賽和戰(zhàn)斗中打敗對手,后接對手作賓語。
Win作及物動詞時,其賓語為游戲、比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎金等名詞。如:He has won the race.(他贏得了賽跑的勝利。)
43. beneath, below, under
beneath表示同表面接觸,與on 相對。Below表示“在下面,低于”,與above相對。
under表示“在……正下方”與over相對。
44. beside, besides
beside在……旁邊。如:Come and sit beside me.
besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
45. big, great, large
big強調體積,質量,容量和重量大。如:a big box。Big也有抽象意義,指重大的事件或行為。如:a big mistake
great帶感情色彩,多指程度和質量,指具體事物或人時,表“突出”,“引人注目”。如:a great man
large多指面積,數(shù)目或數(shù)量大。如:a large population, a large number等。
46. bloom, blossom
bloom多指供觀賞植物的開花。如:The roses are blooming.
blossom多指果樹等植物的開花。如:The apple trees are blossoming.
47. borrow, lend
borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment?
lend把……借給。如:Can you lend me your bike?
48. bring, take
bring帶來。如:Bring me some water, please.
take拿走。如:Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her?
49. calculate, compute, estimate
calculate通常指用數(shù)學方法進行比較復雜,難度較大的精確計算。如:You can’t expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in astronomy.
compute常指比較簡單的運算。如:It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination.
estimate估計,常指對數(shù)量、成本等事先進行判斷或估計。如:Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next year’s rainfall.
50. cheat, deceive, trick
cheat欺騙,常用詞,主要指為了自己的利益欺騙人。
deceive表示隱瞞真相或以假相騙人。如:The boy deceived the teacher by lying.
trick哄騙,表示耍手段進行欺騙,強調在行騙時使用計策,有時也指并非出于惡意的欺騙。如:Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval.
51. childish, childlike
childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.
childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face.
52. choose, pick, select, elect
choose是一常用詞,表一般的“選擇”。
pick通常用于不需要認真權衡,對比就能做出決定。
select側重“在同類的許多東西中,進行有斟酌的精選”。
elect指選舉或用其他方法推選人。
53. cloth, clothing
cloth布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.
clothing衣服(總稱)。如:You’d better give all the old clothing away.
54. complex, complicated
均可表“復雜”。
complex為常用詞。
complicated為正式用詞,表由于組成部分太多,相互關系太復雜而不能理解,語氣很強。
55. compose, consist, constitute
compose為常用詞,常用被動語態(tài),如用主動語態(tài),主語應用復數(shù)形式。如:Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人組成陪審團。)
consist表一個整體由幾個部分組成(只能用主動語態(tài))。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(聯(lián)合王國是由大不列顛及北愛爾蘭組 成。)
constitute為正式用詞,與consist相反,表由哪些部分構成整體。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二個月。)
56. considerable, considerate
considerable相當多的,可觀的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了許多麻煩。)
considerate 考慮周到的,體諒的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真體貼人,不打擾我們。)
57. consistent, constant, continual, continuous
consistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words.
constant不斷的,表示持續(xù)和慣常的重現(xiàn),往往沒有變化。如:He attributes his health to his constant exercise.
continual頻頻的,不停的,時斷時續(xù),中間可有間歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health.
continuous不斷延伸的,連續(xù)不斷的,強調中間無間斷。如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.
58. crack, crash
crack(使)破裂,砸開。如:I can crack it, but I can’t break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。)
crash摔壞,墜毀。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飛機起飛不久就墜毀了。)
59. crawl, creep
crawl多指蛇,蟲類等身體沿地面或其他表面的動作。如:There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一蟲子正在你的背上往上爬。)
creep多指哺乳動物或人等用四肢爬行的動物偷偷摸摸無聲緩慢的前行動作。如:They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我們遲到了,便悄悄地溜進教室。)
60. cure, treat
cure治愈,醫(yī)治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(這藥能治好你的病。)
cure表示治好,treat只表示“給……治病”。
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