2007年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)講義——四級(jí)寫作（下）

　　實(shí)例3

　　Illiteracy Among the Adolescents

　　Nowadays one of the serious problems China is faced with is the increasing illiteracy among the adolescents. According to a recent survey by Dr. Li, dean of Educational Department of Beijing Normal University, about 18% of the children between 8 and 15 years old have dropped out of school across the country. The same survey also indicates that the number of drop-outs is likely to grow in the years to come. Therefore, it is clear that illiteracy has been getting more and more serious.(32)

　　To account for the phenomenon, people have come up with various causes as listed below. For one thing, many families are still too poor to afford schooling for their kids. Take my neighbor as an example. There are three members in their family and the two adults were laid off last year. The only child will have to drop out of school next semester.(34) For another, some parents believe that schooling is useless, particularly for girls. In the end, some students are bored of the school life, and they drop out to escape teachers and lessons.(20)

　　Whatever the reason, the issue has turned a crippling force to the development of our country. Therefore, some measures should be taken to put an end to this problem. To begin with, our government should make stricter laws to forbid parents to take kids away from school. In addition, more funds should be given to those poor students.(11) Last but not the least, we should enhance the awareness of the harms of illiteracy among the people. Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem. (269 words)

　　Follow-up Exercises

　　1998年1月真題

　　Harmfulness of Fake Commodities

　　l 目前社會(huì)上有不少假冒偽劣商品。為什么會(huì)有這種現(xiàn)象?

　　l 舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對(duì)消費(fèi)者個(gè)人和社會(huì)等的危害。

　　1996年6月真題

　　Global Shortage of Fresh Water

　　l 人們認(rèn)為淡水是取之不盡的(雨水，河水，井水。。。。。。)

　　l 實(shí)際上淡水是非常緊缺的(人口增加，工業(yè)用水增加，污染。。。。。。)

　　l 我們應(yīng)該怎么辦?

　　1999年1月真題

　　Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”

　　l 別人請(qǐng)求幫助時(shí)，在什么情況下我們會(huì)說“不”;

　　l 為什么有些人在該說“不”的時(shí)候不說“不”;

　　l 該說“不”時(shí)不說“不”的壞處。

　　Overpopulation

　　l 我國(guó)人口現(xiàn)狀;

　　l 人口過多對(duì)我國(guó)的負(fù)面影響;

　　l 解決方法。

　　On Desertification

　　On Unemployment

　　范文(略)，可自己練習(xí)

　　五、 表達(dá)支持同意題型 (Positive Enhancement)

　　該類題目要求大家對(duì)社會(huì)上存在的某種積極的現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，說明其重要性或價(jià)值;其常見形式是：一、目前存在某種積極的現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn);二、該現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)的作用、意義或價(jià)值;三、呼吁結(jié)尾。

　　此類題目經(jīng)常和問題解決題型結(jié)合考查，可參考我們上面列出的2001年1月的真題。

　　其它類似題目還有

　　實(shí)例1

　　Model Composition

　　Population Census

　　There has been a growing concern among the general public over the population census which is now being conducted in our country. According to a recent poll made by Beijing Youth Daily, about 80% of the residents have a good understanding of the census, and they are very cooperative with it. The same survey also shows that more and more people are concerned about the result of the census.(18) It can be easily concluded, therefore, that the census has become an important issue in our life.

　　Its importance can be demonstrated in two ways as follows. For one thing, the census is directly related to the society in general. On one hand, our country has long carried out the policy of family planning, and regular census may help us get a better idea of our population growth. On the other hand, with the reform and opening-up, there has been a widespread mass migration movement. Therefore(18), it is necessary to know the trend so that the government may make better use of the labor force. For another, the census is also bound up with our personal life. It is the best way to measure our living standards.

　　As the issue plays such a key role in our society, sufficient attention should be paid from both the government and the public. The government should make sure that the census is well carried out and the people should be actively involved in the census. (241 words)

　　Follow-up Exercises

　　1997年6月真題

　　Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus

　　l 大學(xué)生了解社會(huì)的必要性;

　　l 了解社會(huì)的途徑(大眾媒介，社會(huì)服務(wù)等)

　　l 我打算怎么做。

　　1995年6月真題

　　Advantages of a Job Interview (1995. 6)

　　l 現(xiàn)在找工作一般都要進(jìn)行面試，通過面試面試者和應(yīng)試者可以相互了解情況;

　　l 面試者可以向應(yīng)試者介紹情況，如工作性質(zhì)，條件和待遇等;

　　l 應(yīng)試者也有機(jī)會(huì)給對(duì)方一個(gè)好的印象，如可以表現(xiàn)出自信心，可以介紹教育背景，工作能力等。

　　范文(略)，大家可自己練習(xí)。

　　Model Composition

　　What I Can Do for the Beijing Olympics (On Beijing’s Holding the 2008 Olympics)

　　Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympics in July, 2001, which is a great success both nationally and internationally. It proves that China is getting stronger and stronger and is playing a more important part in the world sports.

　　All Chinese should do something for the Beijing Olympics. As a college student, I can contribute to it in the following ways. In the first place, since more foreigners will come to China before and during the Olympics, I plan to learn English even better to introduce to them the Chinese culture and tradition. More exactly, I have to practice my spoken English more. In the second place, since Beijing Olympics will be “Green”, I have made up my mind to plant 10 trees every year to make our country greener and more beautiful.

　　The Beijing Olympics will surely be an important issue in our life. With the joint efforts of all the Chinese, I believe that the Beijing Olympics will be the most successful one in the human history. (170 words)

　　六、 諺語(yǔ)題型(Proverbs)

　　該類題型寫作時(shí)，要注意一些習(xí)語(yǔ)模板的使用。

　　實(shí)例1----1997年1月真題

　　Model Composition

　　Practice Makes Perfect

　　As we all know, practice makes perfect. This is an accumulated experience we inherit from our forefathers, and now it is still widely applied to our daily life. It proves that the more we practice, the more likely we are going to do things perfectly.

　　A good case in point is the study of English. Take my neighbor, Xiao Wang, as an example. He seldom spends time in learning English. As a result, his English is very poor and he begins to hate English now. On the contrary, I’m very interested in learning English and I spend more than five hours each day on English. So the natural consequence is that I have a good mastery of the language and my interest in it has grown more intense.

　　A lesson that we can draw from the above examples is obvious. Practice is crucial to our success not only in study, but also in our future work. All in all, practice will make a difference between success and failure. (168 words)

　　實(shí)例2----2003年1月真題

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:

　　1. 當(dāng)前社會(huì)上存在著許多不誠(chéng)實(shí)的現(xiàn)象

　　2. 誠(chéng)實(shí)利人利己，做人應(yīng)該誠(chéng)實(shí)

　　Model Composition

　　It Pays to Be Honest

　　Once a child asked such a question: What can I benefit from being “a good child”? Among the many answers he received one ran like this: “A good child” is the most precious gift God gives to you. And the same can be said for being honest. It pays to be honest.

　　Yes, it’s true that dishonesty exists almost everywhere in the society. Consumers often found themselves being blackmailed by those merchants selling shoddy products; and there are students cheating in order to pass the exams or get high marks; moreover, we are not short of examples that many rich professionals evade the taxes by sacrificing the interests of government.

　　But haven’t we seen their results? “A fall into the pit, a gain in customers’ wit”, which would surely drive those dishonest merchants out of business. Regret of wasting time yet being empty-handed would accompany those dishonest students all their life. On the contrary, we could have all they lost, especially a good reputation and a clear conscience, which are the best qualities of human beings. That’s why we say “It Pays to Be Honest”.

　　第五節(jié) 寫作內(nèi)容儲(chǔ)備

　　從上表可以看出，四級(jí)題目涉及到社會(huì)生活的各個(gè)方面，但可大體歸納為幾個(gè)方面，下面就是對(duì)各個(gè)主要方面常見的內(nèi)容的介紹。

　　一、 環(huán)境(Environment)

　　Like all other living beings, humans have clearly changed their environment, but they have done so generally on a grander scale than have other species. Some of these changes—such as the destruction of the world’s tropical rain forests to create grazing land for cattle or the drying up of almost three-quarters of the Aral Sea, once the world’s fourth-largest freshwater lake, for irrigation purposes—have led to altered climate patterns, which in turn have changed the distribution of species of animals and plants.

　　Scientists are working to understand the long-term consequences that human actions have on ecosystems, while environmentalists—professionals in various fields, as well as concerned citizens in the United States and other countries—are struggling to lessen the impact of human activity on the natural world.

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