2007年大學(xué)英語四六級講義——四級寫作（下）

　　大家看下面的實例，注意體會圖表作文的寫作特點：

　　實例1----2002年6月真題

　　Directions: For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below

　　Average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week

　　1. 上圖所示為1990年、1995年、2002年某校大學(xué)生事業(yè)計算機的情況，請描述其變化;

　　2. 請說明發(fā)生這些變化的原因(可從計算機的用途、價格或社會發(fā)展等方面加以說明);

　　3. 你認為目前大學(xué)生在計算機使用中有什么困難或問題。

　　Model Composition

　　Great changes have taken place in student use of computers in the university. The hours the student spent on computers per week skyrocketed from about 2 in 1990 to 20 in 2000, more than 9 times higher. This rapid increase proves that students were in closer contact with computers.

　　To account for this phenomenon, people have come up with various reasons as listed below. In the first place, with the drop in prices of computers, more students could afford computers, therefore they could spend much more time with computers. In the second place, the computers were applied to wider and wider use and students had to take advantage of this modern invention. Last but not the least important, the development of society pushed computers into more dormitories.

　　Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers. To begin with, many students still have no computers of their own. What’s more, many students use computers only to play e-games and browse porn websites, which causes harm to their mind. (172 words)

　　實例2----1991年6月真題

　　Changes in People’s Diet

　　Food19861987198819891990

　　Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%

　　Milk10%11%11%12%13%

　　Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%

　　Fruit& Vegetable24%22%20%20%21%

　　Total100%100%100%100%100%

　　l State the changes in people’s diet in the past five years.

　　l Give possible reasons for the changes.

　　l Draw your own conclusion

　　Model Composition

　　As is shown in the above table, great changes took place on people’s diet from 1986 to 1990. On the whole, the consumption of grain decreased year by year, while that of some high-energy food, such as milk and meat, increased consistently.

　　In my opinion, there are two major reasons for the changes in people’s diet. On one hand, people gave their attention to the quality of their diet. On the other hand, they could afford to buy more expensive food with better nutrition owing to the increase of their income.

　　From the above, we can see that people’s living standard improved remarkably in the five years from 1986 to 1990. And we can also anticipate that they will live more and more comfortably and healthily in the future. (128 words)

　　實例3

　　Employment Problem of College Graduates

　　Year20022003(Estimated)2004(Estimated)

　　Number of Unemployed Graduates380,000420,000500,000

　　l 描寫2002年到2004年找不到工作的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的人數(shù)變化;

　　l 分析原因(高校擴招使畢業(yè)生供給大于需求，很多畢業(yè)生只愿留在大城市，畢業(yè)生的專業(yè)不適合社會需要等)

　　l 給出解決問題的辦法。

　　Model Composition

　　As is demonstrated in the table, more and more college graduates are out of a job in our country, which is a serious problem to our economic development and social security. It is estimated that in 2004, there will be 500,000 unemployed graduates, more than 30% higher than in 2002.

　　There are several reasons for this phenomenon. In the first place, as the enrollment of college students has grown by more than 30% annually since 1998, more and more students are thrown into the labor market. However, our annual GDP growth has been about 8%. Therefore, the supply of labor exceeds the demand, hence a shortage of positions. In the second place, many graduates do not want to work in medium-sized and small cities or towns where they are most needed. Instead, too many of them crowd in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou.

　　Serious as the problem seems, we can come up with some measures to deal with it. On one hand, the government should develop our national economy more rapidly, creating more job opportunities. On the other hand, the college students must be realistic in choosing jobs. Only in these ways can we hope to solve the problem. (201 words)

　　實例4

　　The Average Life Expectancy in America

　　Year190019101920193019401950196019701980

　　ALE47.35054.159.762.968.769.770.873.8

　　l State the changes in the average life expectancy in America;

　　l Explain the reasons for the changes;

　　l Draw your conclusions.

　　圖畫作文

　　除了表格和圖表題目，還有與其類似的圖畫題目。圖畫寫作是較難的題型，雖然大學(xué)英語四級考試一直未曾采用，但近年來新題型頻繁出現(xiàn)，象報告、公眾演講、導(dǎo)游解說都已考過，故防患于未然，該題型也是大家應(yīng)該掌握的。

　　首先看一下圖畫題型寫作注意事項：

　　l 詳細查看圖畫。對圖畫進行全面而細致的研究，尤其注意圖畫中人或物(人與物)的體貌表情特征和背景，確定人物之間，人物與背景之間的主要關(guān)系，以便正確掌握圖畫所傳達的信息。

　　l 如果圖畫以系列形式(既兩幅以上)出現(xiàn)，考生除了掌握每一幅圖畫的信息，還應(yīng)該對圖畫之間的相應(yīng)聯(lián)系有所理解，從而在整體上把握圖畫所傳達的信息。

　　l 面對圖畫題型，應(yīng)該展開合理而豐富的聯(lián)想，用生動而恰當?shù)难赞o抒發(fā)自己對圖畫的所思所想所感。

　　l 注意圖畫題型中的文字提示。文字提示非常重要，文字提示通常十分清楚地提供一些寫作要點。

　　l 草擬提綱，合理組織材料。根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容的不同采用不同的段落發(fā)展方式。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以描述為主，即按空間方位或時間先后順序排列，可采用“開頭——擴展——結(jié)尾”的寫作方式。如果畫面內(nèi)容是以解釋說明為主，寫作時則先給出主題句，再圍繞主題句完成各段落的寫作，這是采用“主題句——擴展句——總結(jié)句”的寫作方式。

　　l 系統(tǒng)且突出地展開段落。展開段落要根據(jù)畫面內(nèi)容進行，同時也要圍繞每一段的主題句進行。

　　l 檢查與修改。重點檢查圖畫內(nèi)容是否準確地被表達出來，題目所給提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在與畫面不相符的內(nèi)容，或未能完全涵蓋題目所給提示，應(yīng)對文章做出相應(yīng)修訂。

　　l

　　大家看下面的實例，注意體會圖畫作文的寫作特點：

　　實例1

　　The Harmfulness of Smoking

　　1. Show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the cartoon;

　　2. Give reasons why smoking is harmful; and

　　3. How we can solve the problem.

　　Model Composition

　　As is shown in the cartoon, when the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster (怪物) which will devour him. This picture tells us vividly that smoking is harmful to people.

　　The harmfulness of smoking can be illustrated in three aspects. First of all, smoking does harm to people’s health. It is common knowledge that many deadly diseases derive from smoking. The best example is lung cancer. In addition, smoking costs a lot of money. It is estimated that tens of billions of yuan is spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste. Last but not the least important, smoking may cause fire. Do you still remember the big fire in Northeastern China which caused serious damages to people’s lives and properties?

　　Since smoking does so many harms, every one of us should try to do something to put an end to the problem. The government should make stricter rules to prohibit smoking in public places and the smokers should give up smoking. (169 words)

　　實例2

　　The Tears of A Bird

　　l Describe the cartoon and deduce the purpose of the drawer of the picture;

　　l State the harmful effects of the phenomenon;

　　l Give suggestions as to how to solve the problem.

　　Model Composition

　　As can be clearly seen from the cartoon, a bird is sitting on the top of a huge ax, with tears streaming from its eyes. Because all the trees are cut down, the bird will have no habitat. The cartoon conveys the meaning that it is urgent to preserve the woods for the birds and protect the environment for human beings.

　　The cutting of trees, as well as the destruction of our environment, may lead to several harms as follows. In the first place, the trees provide us with many vital things we humans need, such as oxygen, food, shelter and so on. The animals, such as the bird in the picture, also need the trees. In the second place, if trees are cut down, then there will be nothing to retain the rain water, thus floods will happen more often in the future. Last but not least, there is only one earth. If the environment is destroyed, then we will have no place to live in.

　　Since this phenomenon causes so many harmful effects, we have to come up with some measures to deal with it. First of all, the authorities should adopt the policy of “sustainable development”, just as our government has been doing. What’s more, every citizen should realize the seriousness of the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment.

　　實例3

　　Love

　　Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her understanding of it.

　　There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to

　　l show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,

　　l give a specific example, and

　　give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.

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