第5課
虛擬語氣
一、虛擬語氣的規(guī)則用法：
1主、從句都表示與過去事實相反：
從句的謂語動詞用：had + 動詞過去分詞；
主句的謂語動詞用：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 動詞過去分詞。
注意：能用于虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動詞只有四個：should, could, would, might.
使用哪一個情態(tài)動詞要由句子含義決定，考試中出現(xiàn)最多的是could, would.
2 主、從句都表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反：
從句的謂語動詞用：動詞過去式（如果是be則只能用were）
主句的謂語動詞用：情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形。
3 主、從句都表示與將來事實相反：
從句的謂語動詞用：were to + 動詞原形（重點）、should + 動詞原形、動詞過去式；
主句的謂語動詞用：情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形。
二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用：
1 would rather + 句子，這時句子謂語動詞用一般過去時來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。
2 if only 如果，要是...就好了，if only + 句子，這時句子一定要用虛擬語氣。
有兩種形式可以體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：
a. 如果該句子如果表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾�，謂語動詞用一般過去時。
b. 如果該句子如果表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。
70. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _B_ your advice.
A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed
47. If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible
A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve
注意：當(dāng)if only后的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾�，該用動詞過去式來表示虛擬語氣，而選項中又沒有時，可以采用這種形式：would + 動詞原形。
3 當(dāng)以下動詞后加句子時，句子應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞的形式是：（should）+ 動詞原形。
a. 表示建議、提議的：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move.
[move只有在表達在會議上提出提議時后面加虛擬語氣]
b. 表示要求的：ask, demand, require, request, desire.
c. 表示指揮、命令的：order, command, direct.
d. 表示堅持，堅持認(rèn)為的：insist.
4 it is + 第三點中動詞的過去分詞 + that引導(dǎo)的從句。
這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中從句謂語動詞形式為：（should）+ 動詞原形。
以下幾個形容詞置于該結(jié)構(gòu)中時也要用相同的形式來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：
important, necessary, essential, obligatory（有義務(wù)的，強制性的，必須的）。
5 第三點中動詞相應(yīng)的名詞形式 + that引導(dǎo)從句，該從句同樣要用虛擬語氣，
謂語動詞形式為：（should）+ 動詞原形。
經(jīng)常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的詞有：suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation, motion.
6 以下一些表達方式所在的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。
or(表示否則), otherwise, unless, but for(若不是，若非)
當(dāng)遇到含有以上四個表達方式的句子時，先要判斷該句是表示與現(xiàn)在、過去、還是將來事實相反，然后依照相應(yīng)的虛擬語氣規(guī)則用法的形式來確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
含有下面三個表達方式的句子體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣的形式是固定的：
lest(以免，防備), for fear that(惟恐), on condition that(在..條件下)
它們后面句子的謂語動詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動詞原形。
7 it is time 是...的時候了。
這個結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩種變形形式，所用虛擬語氣形式都一樣：it is high time / it is about time.
這三個結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動詞都用一般過去時來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。
8 注意以下兩種情況下should + 動詞原形中should不能省略。
這里should表示一種語氣，經(jīng)常被翻譯成“竟然”。
a. 四個動詞：think, believe, expect, suspect.
它們的否定或者疑問形式后面加句子，句子謂語動詞用：should + 動詞原形，should不能省略。
I don't believe that he should be cheated. 我不相信他也會被騙。
b. it is a pity, it is a shame 真遺憾，it is strange 真怪
以上三個結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動詞用：should + 動詞原形，should不能省略。
錯綜時態(tài)的虛擬語氣
錯綜時態(tài)的虛擬語氣即指主句和從句在表達是與什么時態(tài)的事實相反上并不一致（比如主句要表達與現(xiàn)在事實相反而從句要表達與過去事實相反），這種情況要采用“對號入座”的方法來處理，即主從句結(jié)構(gòu)分別采用與其表達時態(tài)對應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。
60. If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _A_ now.
A wouldn't be smiling B couldn't have smiled C won't smile D didn't smile
2. If you had studied the problem carefully yesterday, _C_.
A you won’t find any difficulty now B you would not have found any difficulty now
C you would not find any difficulty now D you have not found any difficulty now
3. He would be studying at the university now if he _C_ the entrance examination.
A passed B have passed C had passed D should have passed
16. It is a shame that he _B_ that poor little girl!
A deceived B should deceive C deceive D deceiving
18. Mrs. bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside _D_ her son's sleep. [lest(以免，防備) 后面句子的謂語動詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動詞原形]
A would interfere with B had interfered with
C interfered with D should interfere with
-------------------------1996-01-------------------------
21. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _C_ and perfected now.
A) developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed
22. This ticket _C_ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.
A gives B grants C entitles D credits
A,B兩項都要加雙賓語，結(jié)構(gòu)為：gives / grants sb. sth.
entitle sb. to sth. 使某人有權(quán)得到某物； credit A to B 相信A是由B造成的。
相信飛機失事是由飛行員錯誤造成的。 Credit the crash to the pilot's mistake.
crash 墜落，墜毀（專指飛機失事）； collision 碰撞（強調(diào)兩個物體碰撞，如火車、汽車等）。
we are sorry, very sorry, terribly sorry, awfully sorry.
23. You _D_ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.
A needn't have seen B must have seen
C might have seen D can't have seen
24. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _D_ the police.
A called in B calling in C call in D to call in
have no choice but to do sth. 別無選擇，只能做...
25. She was so _B_ in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.
A attracted B absorbed C drawn D concentrated
be attracted by 被…所吸引； be absorbed in 全神貫注（專注）于做…
be drawn in 被誘騙（誘使）做... ； concentrate on 專注于。
I was simply drawn in. 我是被誘騙上鉤的。
27. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly _B_ to another subject.
A committed B switched C favoured D transmitted
switch to another subject 轉(zhuǎn)換話題； switch to another channel 轉(zhuǎn)換頻道。
28. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _C_ after
A were not played B not to play C not be played D did not play
29. Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _D_ through the window.
A vision B look C picture D view
view n. 景色，風(fēng)景，視野，視域。
30. Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.
A of B to C with D from
具有比較意味的形容詞都要與介詞to搭配。
32. The manager needs an assistant that he can _A_ to take care of problems in his absence. [in his absence 在某人不在場的情況下]
A count on B count in C count up D count out
presence n. 到場，出席； in one’s presence 在某人在場的情況下。
count on=depend on 指望，依靠，依賴； count up 算出總數(shù)；
count in 把…算在內(nèi)； count out 把...排除在外。
33. The organization had broken no rules, but _A_ had it acted responsibly.
A neither B so C either D both
34. We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _D_ view.
A from B in C before D into
come into view 進入視野，進入眼簾。 cheer n. 歡呼； cheers 干杯；
cheer-team 拉拉隊； cheer-leader 拉拉隊長。英語中為了…干杯用介詞to引起。
to your health 為了你的健康干杯； to friendship為了友誼干杯。 bottom up 先干了。
35. They took _D_ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.
A fruitful B beneficial C valid D effective
take effective measures 采取有效措施。 valid adj. 有效的，成立的。
36. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _A_ it comes to classroom tests.
A when B since C before D after
sure 做定語時表示“可靠的、穩(wěn)妥的”。 come to 談到，提及。
37. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _D_ directed.
A like B so C which D as
drug n. 藥品，毒品。 gay adj. 放蕩的，快樂的； n. 同性戀者，尤指男性同性戀。
so后面加過去分詞表示一種程度。 as后面加過去分詞時表示“如同…那樣，正如…那樣”。
53. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, _D_ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.
A while B since C after D as
precautions n. 防治措施； precautions against 防治…的措施。
after being + 過去分詞，注意：after后面不能直接加過去分詞。
38. In developing countries people are _C_ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.
A breaking B filling C pouring D hurrying
pour into 涌入，蜂擁而入。 break into 強行闖入。
39. It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _A_ by about 10%. [output 產(chǎn)量]
A will have risen B has risen C will be rising D has been rising
表達將來的行為在將來某時間之前完成用將來完成時。
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| 廣東 | 河北 | 湖南 | 廣西 | 河南 |
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