6. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

　　當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作不是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的， 而是屬于主語(yǔ)以外的人或事物，這時(shí)必須在分詞前給其加一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種帶主語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)通常稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)屬于作狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)表示條件、原因、伴隨情況等。

　　如：Weather permitting, we'll have an outing tomorrow.要是天氣許可的話，我們明天去郊游。(條件)

　　The night being dark, she was afraid to go there.天黑，她不敢去那。(原因)

　　The bell ringing, the children all stopped talking.鈴聲一響，孩子們都不說(shuō)話了。(時(shí)間)

　　The teacher came in, his hand carrying a book.老師手中拿著書(shū)進(jìn)來(lái)了。(伴隨情況)

　　注：a)還有一種表示伴隨情況的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)， with+名詞或代詞賓格+分詞(或形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ))

　　如：With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a very good plan.每件事情都考慮到了，我們認(rèn)為這是一項(xiàng)不錯(cuò)的計(jì)劃。

　　She entered the train station, with a bag in her hand.她進(jìn)了車站，手中提了一個(gè)包。

　　He sleeps with the window open even in winter.他即使在冬天也開(kāi)著窗戶睡覺(jué)。

　　b) 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being, having been有時(shí)可以省去。

　　如：The meeting (being) over, we all left the room.會(huì)議結(jié)束之后，我們都離開(kāi)了房間。

　　Our work ( having been)finished, we went home.我們的工作完成之后，我們都回家了。

　　7.分詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)

　　現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式由“not+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成

　　如：Not knowing where to go, she wanted to the police for help.她不知道該往哪走，就去請(qǐng)警察幫助。

　　過(guò)去分詞表否定，常借助un-等前綴表示。

　　如：The boy was left uncared for.那孩子無(wú)人照管。

　　8.現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)

　　現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式 doing：現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)詞之前或之后發(fā)生。

　　如：She sat there reading the text.她坐在那里讀課文。(同時(shí)發(fā)生)

　　Going into the room, he shut the door.走進(jìn)房子，他就關(guān)上了門(mén)。(分詞動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生)

　　現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式 having done：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，通常只作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間或原因。

　　如：Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.做完作業(yè)后，這小女孩開(kāi)始看電視。

　　第二部分 鞏固練習(xí)

　　1.When I caught him _______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.

　　a. cheating b. cheat c. to cheat d. to be cheat

　　選a. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生

　　2.__________, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.

　　a. Other things being equal b. Were other things equal c. To be equal to other things d. Other things to be equal

　　選a. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

　　3. All things _________ the planned trip will have to be called off.

　　a. considered b. be considered c. considering d. having considered

　　選a. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

　　4. All flights __________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

　　a. had been cancelled b. have been cancelled c. were cancelled d. having been cancelled

　　選d. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

　　5.I have heard both teachers and students _____ well of him.

　　a. speak b. to speak c. spoken d. to have spoken

　　選a. 省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，表示的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。

　　6.This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, __________ both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil.

　　a. been b. to be c being d. having been

　　選c.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)

　　7.The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience_______ on benches, chairs or boxes.

　　a. having seated b. seating c. having been seated d. seated

　　選d. seat只能用過(guò)去分詞的形式表示使就坐。

　　8.You will see this product ______ wherever you go.

　　a. to be advertised b. advertised c. advertise d. advertising

　　選b.過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)

　　9.He wasn't appointed chairman of the committee, ________ not very popular with all its members.

　　a. to be considered b. considering c. being considered d. having considered

　　選c.分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)

　　10.Professor Wang, __________ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.

　　a. knowing b. known c. to be known d having known

　　選b. 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)

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