本課簡介
本課介紹了在如何增強記憶方面心理學所做的研究。信息的意義,組織,聯(lián)想和想像是有助于記憶的幾個基本原則。如何運用這些基本原則呢?課文對此一一作了介紹,條理十分清楚。學了本課,相信會有收獲。
本課語言點
1. Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory.
research 在本句中做名詞,這個詞也可以做動詞用。請看下面的例句,注意research的詞類和用法:
Scientists have been researching on / into the causes of brain damage.
(科學家們一直對腦損傷的起因進行研究。)
focus on 是一個常用詞組,意思是“集中”,在生詞部分已作了較為詳細的講解,在此,請翻譯幾個句子:
她覺得很不自在,因為所有的目光都注視著她。(She felt very uneasy as all eyes were focused on her.)
a number of 的意思是“許多”。請看下面的例句,注意a number of 和the number of 的區(qū)別:
1) A number of factories have been shut down because of pollution problems.
(由于污染問題許多工廠被關(guān)閉了。)
2) The number of students in our school increases every year.(我們學校的學生人數(shù)每年都在增加。)
2. It is useful to know how these principles work.
it 在句中做形式主語,真正的主語to know how these principles work,此類結(jié)構(gòu)我們在第一和第二單元已有了解。請看下面的句子:
It is important to find out why the forest fire broke out.(找出森林大火的原因很重要。)
It is difficult to know what he is thinking about.(要想知道他在想什么很困難。)
work 在本句中的意思是“起作用;產(chǎn)生影響”,
3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.
affect 是動詞,意思是“影響”。常常會有一些英語學習者把動詞affect和名詞effect混淆,請注意下面的句子:
1) The drought would surely affect the harvest.(這場干旱肯定會影響到收成。)
2) We could all see the effects of the illness on him.(我們都能看出那場病在的身上的影響。)
4. Information that doesn’t make any sense to you is difficult to remember.
that引導的定語從句修飾information; 主句是Information is difficult to remember.
不定式to remember 用在做表語用的形容詞后面作狀語。
make sense 的意思是“有意義;可理解”。請看下面的句子:
His explanation makes no sense to his students.(學生們不理解他的解釋。)
5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.
動詞不定式to remember在句中做定語,修飾名詞ability.請看下面的句子:
He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.(他遵守了一大早來的諾言。)
make a difference 的意思是“有關(guān)系;有影響;起作用”。請看下面的句子:
1) What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.
(他說的話不會對我做決定產(chǎn)生任何影響。)
2) Your participation in the work will make a great difference.(你參與我們的工作,情況就不一樣了。)
6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.
句中的better是副詞well的比較級形式,意思是“更好地”。請看下面的句子:
This job is better paid than that one.(這份工作的報酬比那份高。)
information是一個不可數(shù)名詞,不能在其后加“-s”。請看例句:
7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.
在第一單元的Text B中我們已經(jīng)對consist of有所了解。這一詞組的意思是“由…組成”,它與be made up of;be composed of 的意思相近,但consist of 不用被動語態(tài)。請看例句:
1) The United States consists of 50 states.(美國由50個州組成。)
2) Our class is made up of 45 students.(我們班由45名同學組成。)
a bit在句中的意思是“一點,一些”,它可以用在形容詞的前面, 但是不能用在名詞的前面。在名詞前面必須用a bit of.請看下面的例句:
1) I am a bit tired today.(我今天有點累。)
2) I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.
(如果你能給我一點寶貴建議我會很感激的。)
8. Categorizing is another means of organization.
句中的means是一個名詞,意思是“方式;手段”,它不是動詞mean的第三人稱單數(shù)。請看下面的例句:
Email is a modern means of communication. (電子郵件是一種現(xiàn)代通訊方式。)
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