2013年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法講解大全（2）

        動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

        1. 概念與構(gòu)成

        當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be 表現(xiàn)出來。如下表所示：

　　2. 一些特殊的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　1) 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：用于這類被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要作為整體看待，即要把它們看作單個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。例如：

　　The baby is looked after carefully.

　　2) 有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但表示被動(dòng)的意思：

　　① 具有及物意義的不及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)意義：在主語(yǔ)是物的句子中，有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式可以表示被動(dòng)意義。常用的這類動(dòng)詞有sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut等等。例如：

　　The book sells well. 這本書很暢銷。

　　Your composition reads well. 你的作文讀起來很不錯(cuò)。

　　This pen writes smoothly. 這支鋼筆好用。

　　② 動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：通常是物作want, need, require等動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示事物客觀上需要……，用動(dòng)名詞一般式的主動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：

　　The classroom wants / needs / requires cleaning. 教室需要打掃。

　　這種用法的動(dòng)名詞改用不定式一般式的被動(dòng)形式后也可表示同樣意義。例如：

　　The classroom wants to be cleaned.

　　Exercises:

　　1. Directions: There is a blank and a verb (or verbal phrase) given in the brackets in each of the following sentences. Fill in the blank with the verb or verbal phrase in its proper form.

　　1) The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ (leave) in the office.

　　2) It is said that the new building that _____ (build) now will be used for teaching.

　　3) Just a few years ago, tomatoes _____ (believe) to have magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love.

　　4) By the coming end of the term, we _____ (learn) twenty passages.

　　5) “What are you doing now?”

　　“I _____ (prepare) my lessons for the final exam.”

　　6) Needless to say, the second list of words _____ (can, remember) more easily than the first one.

　　7) In the old days, the children _____ (take good care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house.

　　8) The waiter soon _____ (bring) him a cup of tea but the Englishman shook his head.

　　9) My father went to Shanghai in 1988 and he _____ (work) there ever since.

　　10) John said that the car _____ (make) long before his mother was born.

　　2. Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one underlined part which is incorrectly used. Please put it right in a proper form.

　　1) We usually spent ten minutes doing fast-reading exercises in class.

　　2) We hoped you will provide us with some information needed in our research.

　　3) The medical team has left for the mountainous area next month.

　　4) You will be able to write good papers when you mastered some writing skills.

　　5) He saw at a glance that something unusual is happening in the class.

　　6) it was reported that the boy has seen a UFO flying over the area.

　　7) The old man was made burst into a happy smile by the letter from his daughter.

　　8) She was not at all surprising at the news.

　　9) I don’t know when the football match will be taken place.

　　10) The teacher explained to the students that the movement of the earth around the sun has caused seasons.

　　Answers:

　　1. 1) had left 2) is being built 3) were believed

　　4) will have learned 5) am preparing 6) can be remembered

　　7) were taken good care of 8) brought 9) has been working / has worked

　　10) had been made

　　2. 1) spend 2) would provide 3) is leaving for / will leave for

　　4) have mastered 5) was happening / had happened

　　6) had seen 7) made to burst into 8) surprised

　　9) will take place 10) causes

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