一、長句短句錯落有致
都是短句的作文略顯水平稚嫩,寫作功力尚需磨煉,都是長句的作文又顯得啰嗦冗贅,賣弄不成反到做作。真正的優(yōu)秀文章應做到長短句搭配合理,難簡結(jié)合,曲徑通幽,平實中見功力。大批考生缺乏寫作訓練,往往在作文中忽視運用長句或是長句運用不當,因此考生在平時訓練時就應該有意識地在每段中都設置出1至2個有特色的長句,如并列句、排比句、主從復合句等,使得文章錯落有致、行文流暢并體現(xiàn)出語言功底。
二、主動被動合理運用
在漢語寫作思維中,我們習慣于表現(xiàn)動作執(zhí)行者,當把這種思維應用于英語寫作中時,就會出現(xiàn)一個明顯的缺陷,因為英文native speaker在寫作過程中,更注重事情的執(zhí)行,所以在他們的文章里,使用被動語態(tài)或者不體現(xiàn)動作執(zhí)行者的句子更多一些。當然,在寫作過程中,并不是要一味地追求被動語態(tài)的使用,在什么情況下用主動,什么情況下用被動,這與陳述對象有密切的關系,英語寫作中強調(diào)敘述對象的一致性,所以在實際寫作中,一定要合理運用主動和被動。
三、倒裝強調(diào)適當穿插
強調(diào)句式是一種突出重點的有效句式。另外,倒裝句式也常用于達到強調(diào)的目的。因此,在寫作中適當穿插使用強調(diào)句和倒裝句,不僅可以突出強調(diào)重點部分,而且能夠豐富句式,起到修飾作用,達到意想不到的表達效果。
四、比較結(jié)構(gòu)巧妙使用
比較結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中使用頻率頻率較高的一種句式,如果能夠恰當?shù)剡\用,可以增加文章語言的地道味道,對各種類型作文的寫作都大有裨益。
五、句式之間銜接緊密
英語中十分重視句與句之間的形合,在寫作中即使上下句之間的意義聯(lián)系緊密,邏輯關系很明顯,也不能省略連接詞或過渡詞,否則就不符合英語的思維與表達習慣。恰當?shù)厥褂眠B接詞,尤其是表示從屬關系的連接詞(如who, which, that, because, since, although, if, unless, as if等),不僅能豐富句型,而且可能將意思表達的更加清楚,使句與句之間銜接緊密,意義更加連貫。
【實考作文例析】 (99-6)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese) below:
1)有人認為讀書要有選擇
2)有人認為應當博覽群書
3)我的看法
【8分作文】
People all know that reading is very important. But people have different opinions towards how to read. Some people say we should read selectively, and other people believe that we should read extensively.
Some people think that reading selectively is very important. First, some books are harmful and not worthy (worth) reading. Second, after work people have do not have enough time to read extensively.
Some people think that people should read extensively. Now, different branches of knowledge are closely related. If one wants to make great achievements, he will have to read books not only in his own field of study but also other fields (concerning not only his own field of study but also other fields of study). Reading extensively can give us experience, and broaden our view.
I think we should read both selectively and extensively. As to bad books, we should never read them. As for good books, we should read as extensively as we can.
【點評】
本文在結(jié)構(gòu)安排上沒有問題,通篇看來,也沒有出現(xiàn)什么嚴重的語法錯誤(斜體部分),之所以只拿到8分,主要是因為句式比較單一,文章顯得毫無生氣。
首先,長短句搭配不夠合理。文章中所用句式比較簡單,而且有些雷同,缺少能夠體現(xiàn)出語言功底的特色長句,沒能很好地將長短句合理搭配使用。首段的引言部分顯得蒼白無力,除第三段以外,其余各段中無論是主題句還是擴展句句式都比較簡單,甚至有些重復。
其次,沒能很好地運用被動。首段開頭句使用的是主動語態(tài),一方面不太符合書面語的文體風格,另一方面給人感覺過于平淡,如果改成被動結(jié)構(gòu)It is widely accepted that…就會使句子的表達更加貼切。
第三,缺少倒裝強調(diào)等特色句式。整篇文章中幾乎沒有使用任何有特點的句式,顯得句式單一、平淡無味。
最后,句與句間銜接不夠緊密。雖然本文從整體上看行文還算流暢,但很多句子之間只做到了意義上連貫,形式上缺少必要的連接,如第三段的兩點理由的陳述,既沒有與主題句有很好的銜接,兩點理由之間也沒有適當?shù)倪^渡。
【12分作文】
Nowadays, it is generally accepted that reading is of quite (much) importance. But when it comes to how to read, there has sprung up a heated discussion as to whether we should read selectively or read extensively.
Some people are in favor of the idea of reading selectively. First, they believe that it is not how much one reads but what he reads that really counts. In addition, since one's time and effort (efforts) are limited, we (he) should read books that are suited to our (his) interests and needs.
However, those who insist on reading extensively argue that it is through reading extensively that one can broaden his horizon. Only when one reads widely, can he really make remarkable achievements in his study.
In my opinion, we should read selectively on the basis of reading extensively. For one thing, by reading widely we can keep ourselves well informed of as much knowledge as possible. For another, without selection, reading may become aimless and blind, which makes reading ineffective. Therefore, we should combine selective reading and extensive reading.
【點評】
本文雖出現(xiàn)個別語法錯誤(斜體部分),但結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,句式多變,行文流暢,不失為一篇優(yōu)秀的作文。
首先,長句短句錯落有致。本文中句式多樣,,各段長短句搭配合理,如首段中第一句話簡潔明了引出事實背景,然后通過when it comes to…句型自然過渡到要討論的主題。文中對長句的運用,體現(xiàn)了作者較強的語言功底。
其次,主動被動運用合理。本文首句使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)it is generally accepted that…引出普遍存在的事實,恰當準確,符合書面語的文體風格。而文中其他地方盡管沒有更多地運用被動語態(tài),也是從實際的表達需要出發(fā),并不影響本文的整體效果。
再次,倒裝強調(diào)穿插得當。文中穿插了倒裝、強調(diào)等特色句式,起到了突出強調(diào)、增加氣勢的作用。
第四,句與句間銜接緊密。本文無論從意思上還是形式上都非常連貫,過渡自然,連接詞運用恰當準確,整篇文章給人感覺邏輯清晰,渾然一體。
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