2013年英語四級(jí)考試高級(jí)語法講義
倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
全部倒裝：
�、佼�(dāng)首句為方位或時(shí)間副詞，謂語動(dòng)詞為go，come等時(shí)通常用全部倒裝。
�、� 如果句首出現(xiàn)了地點(diǎn)狀語，句子也可以進(jìn)行全部倒裝。
�、� 當(dāng)句子當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候，可以把現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞和地點(diǎn)狀語聯(lián)系在一起放在句首，把be 動(dòng)詞留在中間當(dāng)作謂語動(dòng)詞，主語放在后面。
部分倒裝：
1、當(dāng)句首狀語為否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞語時(shí)，這個(gè)句子就需要部分倒裝。
2、當(dāng)句首為only加狀語的時(shí)候，這個(gè)句子需要部分倒裝。
3、so......that 結(jié)構(gòu)中的so位于句首時(shí)，常引起部分倒裝。
4、句子開頭的as 處在第二個(gè)單詞的位置上，表示雖然的意思。
5、常見的固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)中需要用倒裝的情況。
hardly.....when....; scarcely .....when..... ;no sooner....than.....：
hardly，scarcely，no sooner 后面一定要用過去完成時(shí)，when 后面用一般過去時(shí);the more ......the more... 越....越.... ;
實(shí)例練習(xí)(1)
1.直到他完成使命(Not until he had fufilled/finished his mission)did he realize that he was seriously ill. (08.06)
2. The witness was told that under no circumstance ( should he lie to the court ) 他都不應(yīng)該對(duì)法庭撒謊。(07.12)
3. Only in the small town( does he feel secure and relaxed) 他才感覺安全和放松。he feels secure and relaxed. (07.6)
4. Not only ( did he charge me too much ) 他向我收費(fèi)過高, but he didn't do a good repair job either. (06.6)
5. Only after I found out the truth( did I realize (that) he was innocent ) 我才意識(shí)到他是無辜的。
6. Not until the game had begun ( did he arrive at the sports ground )他才到達(dá)運(yùn)動(dòng)場。
閱讀中的倒裝：
1. Among the report are more outrageous(令人無法容忍的)findings - a Geman fertilizer described itself as "earthworm-friendly", a brand of flour said it was " non- polluting", and a British toilet paper claimed to be "environmentally friendlier".(05.06閱讀)
該報(bào)道當(dāng)中，有很多讓人無法忍受的發(fā)現(xiàn)，如：一種德國肥料被描繪成“對(duì)蚯蚓無害”;一種新的品牌的面粉寫道“沒有任何污染”;還有一家英國公司的衛(wèi)生紙被宣稱為“環(huán)保者”。
2. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become me reply to any and all provocations: I don't talk about that anymore.(07.06閱讀)
幾年前的一天，我說了一句話并最終成為我對(duì)任何和全部挑釁的回答：關(guān)于那個(gè)問題我再也不討論了。
3. Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. (03.01閱讀)
與新技術(shù)息息相關(guān)的是一些現(xiàn)代商人，他們?nèi)找婵粗貒馍獾慕?jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。
實(shí)例練習(xí)(2)
1. Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.(06.12閱讀)
萃取自加拿大紐芬蘭沿岸冰山的“冰水”在北美的受歡迎程度一再創(chuàng)出新高。
閱讀當(dāng)中遇到的句型：
一般情況下開始出現(xiàn)了地點(diǎn)狀語或者是分詞引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)狀語結(jié)構(gòu)，中間出現(xiàn)了謂語動(dòng)詞，后面出現(xiàn)一個(gè)主語，主語后面接上一些限定(包括從句、補(bǔ)充說明等)，這種形式就是出現(xiàn)的全部倒裝的形式。
2. Not only has the highway systerm affected the American economy by providing shipping routs, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers/malls. (0606閱讀)
公路系統(tǒng)不但為美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供了運(yùn)輸路線，還帶動(dòng)了一批諸如加油站、汽車旅館、酒店、購物中心等相關(guān)行業(yè)的發(fā)展。
3. Only when it's gone do you wish you've done more to protect it.(0806閱讀)
當(dāng)你失去的時(shí)候，你才會(huì)希望自己原來能夠多做點(diǎn)事情以保護(hù)好它。
only后面必須接狀語的時(shí)候，句子才可以部分倒裝。 eg. Only you can do this job.
4. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for deprssion and other psychological and social issues related to chronic pain.(0706閱讀)
我們不僅要找出疼痛的病因，幫助我們更好地治療;還要提供綜合療法，治療與慢性疼痛相關(guān)的抑郁癥和其他心理與社交問題。
5. Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel.(0906閱讀)
如果我不是參加了這次講習(xí)班，我肯定會(huì)不由自主地認(rèn)為那位男士候選人更合適，因?yàn)槲覀冞@個(gè)空缺的崗位需要頻繁出差。
6. It is said that never before has man been so highly successful in his attempts to modify the weather on a very small scale.
據(jù)說人們從來沒有過這么大的成功嘗試用這么小的規(guī)模去描述氣候。
一般情況下，全部倒裝會(huì)在閱讀中出現(xiàn)，只需要看出結(jié)構(gòu)就可以了;部分倒裝在翻譯題中也會(huì)進(jìn)行考查，在備考過程中還是要特別的關(guān)注。
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