專家解析大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試歷年閱讀真題(十一)

　　這篇材料講的是歐美國(guó)家日常用品上環(huán)保說(shuō)明遭到濫用的現(xiàn)象。文章第一段十分精煉地交代了全篇所述的主要內(nèi)容：消費(fèi)者正受到環(huán)保說(shuō)明的困擾和誤導(dǎo)(Consumers are being confused and misled by……environmental claims);同時(shí)透露出這一內(nèi)容的發(fā)布來(lái)源。余下的幾段對(duì)首段的說(shuō)法進(jìn)行詳細(xì)了闡述。這種金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)屬于英美報(bào)刊文章的典型特點(diǎn)。

　　第二段舉出了幾個(gè)實(shí)例說(shuō)明環(huán)保說(shuō)明遭到濫用的情形，使人對(duì)文章所述核心內(nèi)容有一個(gè)感性的認(rèn)識(shí)。一個(gè)例子是某德國(guó)肥料號(hào)稱具有“蚯蚓友好性”(a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly”)，還有某品牌面粉也自稱“不會(huì)引起污染”(non-polluting)，而一種英國(guó)衛(wèi)生紙也自詡“環(huán)境友好性”(environmentally friendlier)。

　　第三段指出進(jìn)行這一研究的單位：Britain’s National Consumer Council，這是為了體現(xiàn)研究的權(quán)威性。而后又說(shuō)明了該研究機(jī)構(gòu)的資助機(jī)構(gòu)：German and Dutch governments and the European Commission，即德國(guó)、荷蘭政府和歐盟執(zhí)行委員會(huì)，這是為了說(shuō)明該項(xiàng)研究的中立性，強(qiáng)調(diào)其可信度。

　　第四段引用研究人員的話，對(duì)其研究對(duì)象做出了總體評(píng)價(jià)：在告知顧客如何判斷商品對(duì)環(huán)境的影響上，還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走(there is a long way to go in……)。之后的幾段描述了研究的細(xì)節(jié)。

　　第五段說(shuō)明該研究的覆蓋范圍(10-country)以及初步結(jié)論：德英兩國(guó)的產(chǎn)品濫用環(huán)保說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象平均最多。第六段說(shuō)明實(shí)際研究的主要商品類別(洗滌劑、殺蟲(chóng)劑和園藝用品)，并指出研究的方式是不做測(cè)試，而只是將其與ISO的商標(biāo)說(shuō)明進(jìn)行比照(did not test the claims, but compared them to……)。下一段給出了比照結(jié)果：環(huán)保說(shuō)明太過(guò)模糊、誤導(dǎo)性過(guò)強(qiáng)，達(dá)不到ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求(too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards)。

　　隨后的兩段分析了這些環(huán)保說(shuō)明的實(shí)質(zhì)，第八、九段引用研究員的話指出許多環(huán)保說(shuō)明空無(wú)一物(these symbols mean nothing)，而環(huán)保說(shuō)明的繁雜也使消費(fèi)者無(wú)法判斷其真?zhèn)?very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading)。

　　最后一段借Page之口道出了該項(xiàng)研究的目的：促使跨國(guó)公司達(dá)到ISO要求(have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO)。

　　Passage 4

　　Two hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the world’s largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvania’s Pocono Mountains, a home they share with an abundance of other wildlife.

　　The streams, lakes, meadows (草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats (棲息地) are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development, the Nature Conservancy (大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)) named the area one of America’s “Last Great Places”.

　　Operating out of a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Long Pond, Pennsylvania, the conservancy’s bud Cook is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth with environmental protection. By forging partnerships with people like Francis Altemose, the Conservancy has been able to protect more than 14,000 acres of environmentally important land in the area.

　　Altemose’s family has farmed in the Pocono area for generations. Two years ago Francis worked with the Conservancy to include his farm in a county farmland protection program. As a result, his family’s land can be protected from development and the Altemoses will be better able to provide a secure financial future for their 7-year-old grandson.

　　Cook attributes the Conservancy’s success in the Poconos to having a local presence and a commitment to working with local residents

　　“The key to protecting these remarkable lands is connecting with the local community,” Cook said. “The people who live there respect the land. They value quiet forests, clear streams and abundant wildlife. They are eager to help with conservation effort.

　　For more information on how you can help the Nature Conservancy protect the Poconos and the world’s other “Last Great Places,” please call 1-888-564 6864 or visit us on the World Wide Web at www.tnc.org.

　　36. The purpose in naming the Poconos as one of America’s “Last Great Places” is to ________.

　　A) gain support from the local community

　　B) protect it from irresponsible development

　　C) make it a better home for black bears

　　D) provide financial security for future generations(B)

　　37. We learn from the passage that ________.

　　A) the population in the Pocono area is growing

　　B) wildlife in the Pocono area is dying out rapidly

　　C) the security of the Pocono residents is being threatened

　　D) farmlands in the Pocono area are shrinking fast(A)