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 【名師指導(dǎo)】大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文之句子寫(xiě)作
【字體:
【名師指導(dǎo)】大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文之句子寫(xiě)作
http://11ub.com 來(lái)源:四六級(jí)考試網(wǎng) 點(diǎn)擊: 更新:2006-5-15

  三、 表達(dá)原因的結(jié)構(gòu)

  考生病句:

  1. The real reason to our failure is not far to seek.

  2. The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.

  正確表達(dá):

  1. The real reason for our failure is not far to seek.

  2. The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.

  評(píng)議與分析:

  以上兩個(gè)病句分別引自92年1月和97年12月四級(jí)考試的考生作文。從遣詞造句上看,這兩位考生具有一定的寫(xiě)作能力,not far to seek, plenty of money以及without working hard等均運(yùn)用正確、恰當(dāng)。但令人遺憾的是,第一位考生不知道reason不與to搭配而應(yīng)接介詞for,第二位考生犯了一個(gè)中國(guó)學(xué)生常犯的錯(cuò)誤,就是用because引起表語(yǔ)從句,because這個(gè)詞不能引起表語(yǔ)從句,在本句中只能改用that才正確。

  掌握好表達(dá)原因的結(jié)構(gòu)是十分重要的,幾乎所有的寫(xiě)作試題都要求寫(xiě)原因或可以寫(xiě)原因。在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試、研究生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試以及TOEFL考試中,寫(xiě)作的文體基本上是議論文,而議論文的基本模式是擺事實(shí)、講道理,講道理就是說(shuō)明原因。寫(xiě)作測(cè)試的文體決定了表達(dá)原因結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性。

  英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表達(dá)原因這一概念的結(jié)構(gòu)有多種。我們可用as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that...等詞組引出表示原因的從句。例如:

  1. Now that we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel more proud than ever of our country.

  2. Professor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progress.

  3. Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.

  4. Pollution is still a serious problem, not that we don't have the ability to solve it, but that some people have not realized the consequences of the problem.

  我們還可以借助某些詞語(yǔ)用簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá)原因結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

  1. The reason for this change is quite obvious.

  2. Diligence is the key factor of success.

  3. Idleness is the root of all evils.

  4. He was ashamed to have made the mistake.(=He was ashamed that he had made the mistake. =He was ashamed because he had made the mistake.)

  除了上述的例句外,英語(yǔ)中還有很多或易或難的表達(dá)原因的結(jié)構(gòu)。我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練的時(shí)候,不能滿(mǎn)足于一知半解,要講究書(shū)面語(yǔ)言的正確性和準(zhǔn)確性。比如,because是最常用的引導(dǎo)原因從句的連詞,語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),表示直接的原因,若because置于句首,后面的主句不能再用so。用as引導(dǎo)的原因從句語(yǔ)氣較弱,所說(shuō)明的原因是附帶的,而since表示的原因暗示著是稍加分析之后才能推斷出來(lái)的原因。

  四、 否定結(jié)構(gòu)

  考生病句

  1. Some people think we needn't to worry about fresh water.

  2. Nowadays many people don't like to go to the movies, too.

  正確表達(dá):

  1. Some people think we needn't worry (或don't need to worry) about fresh water.

  2. Nowadays many people don't like to go to the movies, either.

  評(píng)議與分析:

  例句1選自96年1月四級(jí)考生作文,例句2選自92年1月六級(jí)考生作文。例句1 的錯(cuò)誤在于該考生混淆了need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和作為普通動(dòng)詞的用法。

  need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),主要用于否定句,后面的動(dòng)詞不帶to, needn't worry,作we的謂語(yǔ)。need作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí),可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句,don't need to worry 中的to worry作don't need的賓語(yǔ)。例句2的錯(cuò)誤在于該考生混淆了too和either的區(qū)別,這兩個(gè)詞都表示"也"的意思,但是在英語(yǔ)中too, also只能用于肯定句,而either只能用于否定句。

  否定結(jié)構(gòu)除了在助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,be和have后面加not之外,還有許多不含not的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。若能正確使用他們,文章會(huì)顯得生動(dòng)活潑,增加寫(xiě)作的閃光點(diǎn)。下面我們就來(lái)看看:

  1. 含有否定意義的詞匯和短語(yǔ)

  以下列舉的詞和詞組本身就具有否定的含義,因此無(wú)需用否定詞。

  介詞against, beyond, but, except, without,...

  形容詞和動(dòng)詞absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to, reluctant, lack, want,...

  短語(yǔ)keep...from, protect...from, prevent...from, let alone, at a loss, in vain, instead of, out of the question, rather than, too...to, by no means, anything but,...

  我們看以下例句:

  1) Women fail to get the equal rights in some countries.

   在一些國(guó)家里婦女沒(méi)有得到平等的權(quán)利。

  2) This is by no means the best way to solve the problem of energy crisis.

  這不是解決能源危機(jī)的最好的辦法。

  3) We should protect trees from being destroyed.

  我們應(yīng)保護(hù)樹(shù)木,不讓它們受破壞。

  4) In old China we could not make a nail, let alone(make) machines.

  在舊中國(guó),我們連一個(gè)釘子都造不了,更不用說(shuō)制造機(jī)器了。

  2. 含有半否定意義的詞語(yǔ)

  barely, hardly, few, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not all, not everyone, not everything,...具有半否定的意義。例句:

  1) We could hardly see any fresh vegetables in winter on market several years ago.

  幾年前在冬天市場(chǎng)上很難見(jiàn)到新鮮蔬菜。

  2) These young people know little about how to choose good books to read.

  這些年輕人幾乎不知道如何挑選優(yōu)秀的書(shū)籍來(lái)讀。

  3. 不含否定意義的否定結(jié)構(gòu)

  有些詞和詞組形式上是否定結(jié)構(gòu),但其含義是肯定的,比如:cannot but, can't help, no sooner...than, not...until, in no time, none other than, nothing but,等等。例句:

  1) We can't but face the reality.

  我們只有面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)。

  2) These old buildings will be replaced by modern apartment buildings in no time.

  這些舊建筑將很快為現(xiàn)代化的公寓所代替。  

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