2011年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)沖刺預(yù)測(cè)試題及答案(2)

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).

　　Passage One

　　Hollywood is increasingly looking outside America’s borders for stars and profit.

　　Jonathan Taplin is a professor at the USC Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California. He says that today, about 54 percent of the ticket sales for Hollywood studios now come from outside the United States.

　　For the last three months of 2007, foreign sales totaled about 880 million dollars. But there is fierce competition for each movie dollar.

　　Hollywood has lost market share in some places as other countries develop their own film industries. For example, in the mid 1980s, American films had 80 percent of the market in South Korea. Today that share is about 40 percent.

　　Hollywood also faces competition from illegally copied movies, a major issue to the Motion Picture Association of America. The trade group estimated more than 18 billion dollars in worldwide losses from piracy in 2005.

　　Hollywood reporter Alan Silverman says piracy has influenced how American movies are released. In the past, Hollywood studios waited months after the American release of a film to release it in foreign markets. Now, many aim to release films at the same time around the world.

　　Foreign markets may also influence how people get their movies. Different nations have different levels of technology.

　　Efforts to settle on the next-generation DVD got a lot of attention recently. Sony’s Blu-ray technology for high-definition televisions won the competition with Toshiba’s HD DVD format.

　　Yet DVD sales have dropped in recent years. This may be a sign that people are increasingly getting their movies off the Internet. The Internet is another front in Hollywood’s war on piracy. But more than that, it presents complex business questions for an industry now built mostly on DVD and ticket sales.

　　Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26. What percentage of ticket sales for Hollywood studios come from inside the United States?

　　27. Why has Hollywood lost market share in South Korea?

　　28. What are American movie companies doing to fight against piracy?

　　29. Why have DVD sales dropped in recent years?

　　Passage Two

　　Franklin Delano Roosevelt was one of the most influential presidents in American history. He was elected president four times. He served more than 12 years, longer than any other president. He led the nation through its worst economic crisis, and through one of its worst wars.

　　Franklin Roosevelt was first elected president in 1932. As the Democratic candidate, he defeated President Herbert Hoover. Americans were suffering through a terrible economic depression. About 25 percent of American workers had lost their jobs. They had no money. They had no hope. They waited in long lines to receive free food. Americans did not know if the new president could end the economic crisis.

　　On the day Franklin Roosevelt was elected as the new president, he promised, “This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” During the next three months, he led Congress in passing more major new programs than what the nation had seen for many years. President Roosevelt called his reform program “The New Deal”.

　　He was reelected president for the fourth time in 1944. Most Americans believed the country should not change its leader in the middle of a war. When he was sworn in, President Roosevelt’s speech lasted only six minutes. He declared that America had learned that we cannot live alone at peace, that our own well-being is dependent on the well-being of nations far away.

　　President Roosevelt did not live to see the victory of the Allies and the end of World War II. He died less than three months later, on April 12th, 1945, in Warm Springs, Georgia.

　　Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　30. How many times was Franklin Roosevelt elected president?

　　31. What was Franklin Roosevelt’s biggest achievement?

　　32. When did President Roosevelt die?

　　Passage Three

　　Millions of people around the world cook their food over a smoky fire every day. It is often difficult to find wood for the fire. People who do not have wood must spend large amounts of money on cooking fuel. However, there is a much easier way to cook food using energy from the sun.

　　Solar cookers, or ovens, have been used for centuries. A Swiss scientist made the first solar oven in 1767. Today, people are using solar cookers in many countries around the world. People use solar ovens to cook food and to heat drinking water to kill bacteria and other harmful organisms.

　　There are three kinds of solar ovens. The first is a box cooker. It is designed with a special wall that shines or reflects sunlight into the box. Heat gets trapped under a piece of glass or plastic covering the top of the cooker. A box oven is effective for slow cooking of large amounts of food.

　　The second kind of solar oven is a panel cooker. It includes several flat walls, or panels, that directly reflect the sun’s light onto the food. The food is inside a separate container of plastic or glass that traps heat energy. People can build panel cookers quickly and with very few supplies. They do not cost much. In Kenya, for example, panel cookers are being manufactured for just two dollars.

　　The third kind of solar oven is a parabolic cooker. It has rounded walls that aim sunlight directly into the bottom of the oven. Food cooks quickly in parabolic ovens. However, these cookers are hard to make. They must be re-aimed often to follow the sun. Parabolic cookers can also cause burns and eye injuries if they are not used correctly.

　　Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　33. Which of the following is NOT a function of solar ovens?

　　34. What kind of oven is effective for slow cooking of a lot of food?

　　35. Which is the best title for this passage?

　　Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　Some people’s ears produce wax like busy little bees. This can be a problem even though earwax appears to serve an important purpose. Experts say it protects and cleans the ear. It (36) traps dirt and other matter and keeps (37) insects out. Doctors think it might also help protect against (38) infections. And the waxy oil keeps ears from getting too dry. So earwax is good. It even has a medical name: cerumen. There are two kinds of cerumen. Most people of (39) European or African ancestry have the “wet” kind: thick and (40) sticky. East Asians commonly have “dry” earwax.

　　But you can’t have too much of a good thing. The glands in the ear canal that produce the wax make too much in some people. Earwax is normally (41) expelled; it falls out of the ear or gets washed away. But extra wax can (42) harden and form a blockage that (43) interferes with sound waves and reduces hearing. (44) People can also cause a blockage when they try to clean out their ears — but only push the wax deeper inside. Earwax removal is sometimes necessary. But you have to use a safe method or you could do a lot of damage.

　　Experts suggest some ways to treat excessive earwax yourself. (45) They say the wax can be softened with mineral oil, or ear drops. Another way to remove wax is known as irrigation. With the head upright, take hold of the outer part of the ear. Gently pull upward to straighten the ear canal. (46) Use a device to gently direct water against the wall of the ear canal. Then turn the head to the side to let the water out.

　　Part IV Reading Comprehension

　　(Reading in Depth)

　　Section A

　　47. D)。此處需要一個(gè)名詞。此處講的是搖滾主要植根于布魯斯、節(jié)奏布魯斯、鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)、民歌、福音歌以及爵士樂(lè)。

　　48. J)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。參見上題解析可知，搖滾最終發(fā)展為現(xiàn)代的搖滾音樂(lè)。

　　49. A)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)前面出現(xiàn)的兩個(gè)詞典給出的解釋及后面的內(nèi)容可以推斷，這里是對(duì)搖滾進(jìn)行定義。

　　50. L)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，ALLwords.com與前兩個(gè)詞典的定義不同，它將搖滾定義為20世紀(jì)50年代的音樂(lè)而不是現(xiàn)代音樂(lè)。

　　51. E)。此處需要一個(gè)副詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，古典搖滾樂(lè)通常由如下樂(lè)器合奏：一兩把電吉他;一個(gè)弦貝司或電貝司;一組架子鼓。

　　52. G)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。根據(jù)下文出現(xiàn)的1940s這個(gè)時(shí)間可知，這里講的是20世紀(jì)40年代末期出現(xiàn)的最早的搖滾風(fēng)格。

　　53. M)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)下文“or supplemented by the guitar”可知，鋼琴與薩克斯風(fēng)這些早期主打樂(lè)器被20世紀(jì)50年代中后期的吉他所取代或補(bǔ)充。

　　54. C)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，搖滾對(duì)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響是獨(dú)特的。

　　55. H)。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。此處講的是，除了音樂(lè)風(fēng)格，在電影及電視媒體里均可見搖滾對(duì)生活風(fēng)格、流行、態(tài)度及語(yǔ)言的影響。

　　56. B)。此處需要一個(gè)形容詞。此處講搖滾繼續(xù)發(fā)展成各種不同的類型，一般都沒有搖滾樂(lè)初期特有的強(qiáng)節(jié)奏基調(diào)。

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　57. A)。根據(jù)文章首段首句可知，去年升初中的小學(xué)生中大約有3萬(wàn)名學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)水平只相當(dāng)于7歲小孩的數(shù)學(xué)水平，也就是說(shuō)這些小孩的數(shù)學(xué)能力很差。

　　58. C)。根據(jù)第二段“In 2006, ￡2.3 billion was spent teaching the subject.”可知，2006年花在數(shù)學(xué)教育上的費(fèi)用為23億英鎊。

　　59. A)。第四段提到在十年的時(shí)間里為每所小學(xué)配備一名數(shù)學(xué)專家并加強(qiáng)對(duì)幼兒園數(shù)學(xué)游戲的重視，但重點(diǎn)主要是談?wù)摶ń?jīng)費(fèi)培訓(xùn)數(shù)學(xué)教師這件事。

　　60. C)。最后一段Nick Gibb主要講“英國(guó)政府在教育上花了錢卻沒有達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果，并因此而落后于其他國(guó)家;同時(shí)英國(guó)政府在數(shù)學(xué)教育上還在走一些老路，而這些老路已經(jīng)被有較高數(shù)學(xué)教育水平的國(guó)家嘗試并證明走不通�！毖酝庵�意即：英國(guó)應(yīng)該吸取其他國(guó)家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。

　　61. D)。這是一個(gè)主旨題，這篇文章指出了英國(guó)在數(shù)學(xué)教育方面存在的問(wèn)題并給出了解決辦法，文章圍繞英國(guó)小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教育需要改進(jìn)這一中心思想展開。

　　Passage Two

　　62. D)。參見第一段“They represent the new front of an international effort to help first-world consumers improve the living standards of the third-world farmers who grow much of their food.”一句可知，F(xiàn)air Trade推出這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的目的是為了幫助第三世界國(guó)家的果農(nóng)，讓他們生產(chǎn)的香蕉更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、更有市場(chǎng)。

　　63. A)。參見第二段“It guarantees higher prices for the farmers’ goods and helps them set up schools and health clinics.”一句可知，F(xiàn)air Trade的作用是幫助農(nóng)民把他們生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品賣出個(gè)好價(jià)錢。

　　64. B)。參見第三段“The Fair Trade movement took root in Europe in the 1990’s as a way of bolstering coffee farmers as prices were collapsing.”一句可知，F(xiàn)air Trade成立于20世紀(jì)90年代的歐洲，它成立的最初目的是為了挽救種植咖啡的農(nóng)民，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)咖啡的價(jià)格下跌得很厲害。

　　65. C)。參見第四段“Not everyone is greeting the Fair Trade label with open arms.”一句可知，消費(fèi)者可以有不同的選擇，并不一定要買Fair Trade推薦的產(chǎn)品。

　　66. A)�？v觀全文，本文的目的是向讀者推薦被Fair Trade認(rèn)可并貼有Fair Trade Certified標(biāo)簽的香蕉，推薦香蕉的最終目的還是為了幫助生活在第三世界國(guó)家的香蕉種植者。

　　Part V Cloze

　　67. B)。此處講的是“經(jīng)常洗手可以預(yù)防疾病”，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是“偶爾”、“有時(shí)”、“重復(fù)地”，這與原文要表述的意思不符。

　　68. C)。根據(jù)后文的“food service workers”可知，餐飲服務(wù)者和醫(yī)療服務(wù)者是與人們?nèi)粘＝佑|比較密切的人群，因此可以判斷，此處講的是“大多數(shù)針對(duì)洗手的研究都集中于醫(yī)療服務(wù)者和餐飲服務(wù)者”。

　　69. A)。根據(jù)后文的講述可知，此處說(shuō)的是“在家洗手”。

　　70. B)。根據(jù)上文的stop infections from ...可以推斷，此處講的是“阻止傳染病的傳播”。

　　71. D)。根據(jù)上下文的敘述可知，此處講的是“一些研究表明：手是各種傳染病的最主要傳播途徑”。

　　72. C)。此處講的是“研究表明許多人洗完手后，手上仍然殘留有細(xì)菌”，suggest在此處不是“建議”的意思，而是“表明”的意思。

　　73. D)。根據(jù)后文的baby可以推斷此處講的是“有一項(xiàng)研究探究了最近接種了脊髓灰質(zhì)炎疫苗的嬰兒家庭”。

　　74. A)。根據(jù)上文的after vaccination可知，此處講的是“兒童接種疫苗后，病毒會(huì)從嬰兒糞便中排泄出去”。

　　75. B)。此處意為“雖然疫苗中的病毒并不會(huì)帶來(lái)健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是這項(xiàng)研究顯示糞便中攜帶的病毒會(huì)在家中傳播”。

　　76. A)。參見上題解析，travel在此處有“傳播”的意思。

　　77. D)。此處講的是“門把手和沖水馬桶的手柄都是家中細(xì)菌的重要傳染源”。

　　78. C)。此處講的是“正因?yàn)橐陨显�因，人們要定期清潔這些地方;每次接觸過(guò)這些地方后都要洗手”。

　　79. A)。此處講的是“針對(duì)病菌的傳播，研究者安排了一項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)，他們讓一名志愿者觸摸了帶有病毒的門把手”。

　　80. C)。shake hands with sb.是固定搭配，意為“同某人握手”。

　　81. B)。根據(jù)上文的“The study authors note that the timing of hand washing is key.”和下文的“wash hands after using the toilet, before eating or handling food”可知，此處講的是“顯然，每次上廁所后要洗手，吃東西或拿食物前要洗手”。

　　82. C)。根據(jù)后文的“a diaper”可知，此處講的是“給孩子換過(guò)尿布之后要洗手”。

　　83. D)。come into contact with ... 是固定搭配，意為“與……接觸”。

　　84. D)。此處講的是“人們可能很難相信，像洗手這種簡(jiǎn)單的事情可以改善一個(gè)家庭的健康狀況”。

　　85. A)。trigger這個(gè)詞用在此處很恰當(dāng)，此處講的是“SARS的爆發(fā)催生了廣泛的公共和社區(qū)衛(wèi)生保健措施的出臺(tái)，其中包括常洗手”。

　　86. C)。not only ... but also是固定搭配，意為“不但……而且……”，also可以省略，但是but不能省略。

　　Part VI Translation

　　87. resorted to force

　　88. mainly due to stress and tension in their work

　　89. focuses on planning and overseeing

　　90. To the students’ disappointment

　　91. it difficult to get a promotion

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