上海外國語大學(xué)2005年考研英語語言文學(xué)專業(yè)翻譯試題及答案

　　Confucius says, “Out of three men, there must be one that can teach me.” So pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their  pupils. Some  learn the truth earlier than others, and some have special skills—that is all.”

　　A similar idea is expressed  by the following well-known  passage  quoted from  Xueji  (The Subject of Education), a chapter of the ancient book Liji (The Book of Rites): “However nice the food may be, if one does not eat it, he does not know its taste; however perfect the doctrine may be, if one does not learn it, he does not know its value. Therefore, when he learns, one knows his own  deficiencies; when he teaches,  one  knows where the difficulty lies.  After he  knows  his deficiencies, one is able to examine himself; after he knows where the difficulty lies, one is able to improve himself. Hence, ‘teaching and  learning  help  each other;’  as it is said  in  Yue Ming,‘Teaching  is  the  half  of  learning.’”  The  above  quote  from  Liji,  which  lays  emphasis  on self-examination  and  self-improvement,  is  less  thoroughgoing  than  what  Han  Yu  says  about education. Nevertheless, its remarks such as "When he teaches one  knows where the  difficulty lies,” “Teaching benefits teachers as well as pupils” and “Teaching is the  half of learning” (a quotation meaning  teaching and  learning are  opposite and complementary to each  other) all remain irrefutable to this day.

　　The new relationship between teacher and pupil should be that of, in the words of Han Yu,
“not (being) ashamed to learn from each other.” That is to say, teacher and pupil should teach each other and learn from each other. They should teach each other as equals regardless of seniority, so that, as Han Yu says, “whoever knows the truth can be a teacher.”

　　 英譯漢參考譯文

　　在我的窗外，夜正在掙扎著醒過來；  在月光下黯然無色的花園如此生動地夢見它那失 去的色彩。用石灰水刷白的墻在深藍(lán)色的天空的襯托下顯得明亮。房屋的粉墻凜冽地使明月 的光輝回蕩。那是一輪滿月。
月來是塊石頭；但它是塊極為神圣的石頭。或者說得更確切些，月亮是塊能使男人和女 人對它產(chǎn)生神圣感情，或者由于它才具有神圣感情的石頭。這樣，有柔和的月光，它能給我 們以超越理解能力的安寧。有寒冷而嚴(yán)峻的月光，它向靈魂傾訴它的寂寞和絕對的孤獨(dú)，它 的微不足道和骯臟不潔。有多情的月光，它使人去愛，——不但愛個人，而且有時甚至愛整 個宇宙。但月亮除了通過眼睛和窗戶照進(jìn)心靈外，還照在身體上。月亮直接影響靈魂；但它 還能夠通過難以理解而迂回曲折的途徑——通過血液——影響靈魂。人類中半數(shù)的人明顯地 服從于月亮的節(jié)奏而生活著；還有證據(jù)表明，不僅女人的生理生活和精神生活，而且男人的 生理生活和精神生活，都是神秘地隨著月亮的盈缺而消長。因此會出現(xiàn)沒有理由的喜悅，莫 名其妙的痛苦和毫無原因的歡笑和悔恨。這些突然而荒誕的交替變化構(gòu)成我們通常的情緒變 化。這些情緒是血液和體液的產(chǎn)物，但血液和體液聽從許多主人的指揮，主人中也包括不斷 盈缺的月亮。月亮通過眼睛直接和靈魂接觸，沿著血液的神秘渠道間接和靈魂接觸，因此月 亮是雙重的神。

　　我們即使把月亮想象為僅僅是一塊石頭，也會發(fā)現(xiàn)它的石頭性質(zhì)是個潛在的神。一塊變 冷了的石頭。一塊沒有空氣環(huán)繞，不含水分的石頭。它預(yù)示我們的地球在未來的形象，那時 距離現(xiàn)在有幾百萬年，那時衰老的太陽已經(jīng)喪失它養(yǎng)育萬物的能力…...如此等等。這段文章 能夠很容易地拉長——成為一篇華而不實(shí)的作品。但我要克制。讓每一位讀者按照他自己的 品味去盡量填加修辭的色彩吧。無論如何，華麗也罷，不華麗也罷，那塊石頭仍然是——石 頭性質(zhì)。你無法長時間地想這塊石頭而不發(fā)現(xiàn)自己受到這種或那種本質(zhì)上是神圣的情思的干 擾。這些情思屬于彼此不同而又互為補(bǔ)充的兩大類之一：人類渺小的情思和人類偉大的情思。