上海外國語大學(xué)2005年考研英語語言文學(xué)專業(yè)翻譯試題及答案

　　此試題及答案由airene提供,在此特別感謝.

　　1.  Translate the following into English（75 分）

　　孔子曰：“三人行，則必有我?guī)��！崩蠋熀蛯W(xué)生并沒有什么不可逾越的界限。 在這門知識上老師高于學(xué)生，在另一門知識上，學(xué)生也可能高于老師；今天老師 高于學(xué)生，明天學(xué)生可能高過老師。這也是辯證法，對立面的統(tǒng)一。

　　禮記的《學(xué)記》有一段著名的話，意思也和這相近：“學(xué)然后知不足，教然 后知困。知不足，然后能自反也。知困，然后能自強(qiáng)也。故曰：教學(xué)相長也�！� 這 就是在今天說來，也還是顛撲不破的。

　　“教育者必先受教育”，這個(gè)道理說來很淺顯，但是人們在實(shí)際生活中卻很 不容易承認(rèn)。特別是當(dāng)老師當(dāng)久了的人，就很不容易接受這個(gè)辯證法。老師們不 容易接受這個(gè)道理，倒也事出有因。“弟子不必不如師，師不必賢于弟子”，雖是 封建思想的代表者韓愈所提出來的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，但是在封建時(shí)代卻并不通入。正好 相反，“天地君親師”，在封建時(shí)代，老師是同“天地君親”在一起，居高臨下。 老師畢竟是老師，師道尊嚴(yán)，神圣不可侵犯。這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)相沿成習(xí)。

　　新的師生關(guān)系，是“不恥相師”，彼此平等，不分尊卑，真正是“道之所存， 師之所存”，誰有學(xué)問誰就是老師。圣人無常師，師亦無常道，就是當(dāng)老師的并 不經(jīng)常等于真理。一個(gè)當(dāng)老師的人，既要勇于堅(jiān)持自己的真理，又要勇于承認(rèn)自 己的非真理，同學(xué)生們一道來為科學(xué)真理奮斗。

　　2.  Translate the following into Chinese（75 分）

　　Outside  my  window  the  night  is  struggling  to  wake;  in  the  moonlight,  the blinded  garden  dreams  so  vividly  of  its  lost  colours.  The  white-washed  wall  is brilliant against the dark-blue sky. The white walls of the house coldly reverberate the lunar radiance. The moon is full.

　　The moon is a stone; but it is a highly numinous stone. Or, to be more precise, it is a stone about which and because of which men and women have numinous feelings. Thus, there is a soft moonlight that can give us the peace that passes understanding. There  is  a  moonlight  that  inspires  a  kind  of  awe.  There  is  a  cold  and  austere moonlight that tells the soul of its loneliness and desperate isolation, its insignificance or its uncleanness. There is an amorous moonlight prompting to love - to love not only for an individual but sometimes even for the whole universe. But the moon shines on the body as well as, through the windows of the eyes, within the mind. It affects the soul directly; but it can affect it also by obscure and circuitous ways - through the blood. Half the human race lives in manifest obedience to the lunar rhythm;  and  there  is  evidence  to  show  that  the  physiological  and  therefore  the spiritual life, not only of women, but of men too, mysteriously ebbs and flows with the changes of the moon. There are unreasoned joys, inexplicable miseries, laughters and remorses without a cause. Their sudden and fantastic alternations constitute the ordinary weather of our minds. These  moods, are the children of the blood and humours. But the blood and humours obey, among many other masters, the changing moon. Touching the soul directly through the eyes and, indirectly, along the dark channels of the blood, the moon is doubly a divinity.

　　Even if we think of the moon as only a stone, we shall find its very stoniness potentially a numen. A stone gone cold. An airless, waterless stone and the prophetic image of our own earth when, some few million years from now, the senescent sun shall have lost its present fostering power.... And so on. This passage could easily be prolonged-a Study in Purple. But I forbear. Let every reader lay on as much of the royal rhetorical colour as he finds to his taste. Anyhow, purple or no purple, there the stone is-stony. You cannot think about it for long without finding, yourself invaded by one or other of several essentially numinous sentiments. These sentiments belong to one or other of two contrasted and complementary groups Sentiments of Human Insignificance Sentiments of Human Greatness.