2001年全國碩士研究生入學統(tǒng)一考試——英語試題及答案

注意事項：

1.本試題的答案必須填寫在規(guī)定的答題卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)和答題紙(ANSWER SHEET 2)上，寫在試題上不給分。

2.第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ部分的答案須用鉛筆填涂在答題卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)上，第Ⅳ、Ⅴ部分的答案須用藍、黑墨水筆或圓珠筆寫在答題紙(ANSWER SHEET 2)上。用紅色筆者不給分。

3.選擇題答案選出后，必須用2B鉛筆把答題卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)上的選中項涂滿涂黑，如：［A］［B］［■］［D］。修改時，必須用橡皮擦凈后，再填涂其它選項。

4.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)和答題紙(ANSWER SHEET 2)一并裝入試卷袋內(nèi)。裝答題卡(ANSWER SHEET 1)時不準折疊。


Part I Structure and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A],［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)

Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times _______ 1979.
［A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］since
The sentence should read, “I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979.”
Therefore, you should choose ［D］

Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［■］

1.If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I______ my head in my hands for a cry.
［A］bury ［B］am burying ［C］buried ［D］would bury

2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port _______ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.
［A］to announce ［B］announced ［C］announcing ［D］was announced

3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself ap parent, so one ______ wait instead of searching for it.
［A］would rather ［B］had to ［C］cannot but ［D］had best

4.She felt suitably humble just as she _______ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.
［A］had ［B］had had ［C］would have had ［D］has had

5.There was no sign that Mr Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite from _______ leadership of it, would intervene personally.
［A］being resigned ［B］having resigned ［C］going to resign［D］resign

6.So involved with their computers _______ that leaders at summer computer caps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
［A］became the cildren ［B］become the children ［C］had the children become ［D］do the children become

7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _______ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.
［A］everything except ［B］anything but ［C］no less than ［D］nothing more than

8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match._______ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.
［A］By ［B］In ［C］No less than ［D］Nothing more than

9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _______ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.
［A］as ［B］which ［C］that ［D］what

10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions,_______ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist,Jewish, and so on.
［A］be ［B］being ［C］were ［D］are

Section B

Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found _______ in the woods off the highway.
［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected
The sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the
woods off the highway.”Therefore, you should choose ［C］.

Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］

11.He is too young to be able to _______ between right and wrong.
［A］discard ［B］discern ［C］disperse ［D］disregard

12.It was no _______ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.
［A］coincidence ［B］convention ［C］certainty ［D］complication

13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.
［A］cautiously ［B］dutifully ［C］faithfully ［D］skillfully

14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be the _______ welfare of his animals.
［A］critical about ［B］indignant at ［C］indifferent to ［D］subject to

15.The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.
［A］compelled ［B］posed ［C］pressed ［D］tempted

16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _______ .
［A］for long ［B］in and out ［C］once for all ［D］by nature

17.Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _______
and lack of unity in style.
［A］conflict ［B］confrontation ［C］disturbance ［D］disharmony

18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _______ .
［A］thrived ［B］swelled ［C］prospered ［D］flourished

19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _______ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.
［A］overturn ［B］overtake ［C］offset ［D］oppress

20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _______ .
［A］firm ［B］company ［C］corporation ［D］enterprise

21.When any non�瞙uman organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _______ .
［A］novel ［B］remote ［C］distant ［D］foreign

22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _______ at a garage sale.
［A］trifled with ［B］scraped through ［C］stumbled upon ［D］thirsted for

23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _______ .
［A］descend ［B］decline ［C］deteriorate ［D］depress

24.Equipment not ______ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.
［A］conforming to ［B］consistent with ［C］predominant over［D］providing for

25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to _______ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.
［A］contend ［B］contest ［C］rival ［D］strive

26.The authors of the United States constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ______for the states and liberty for individuals.
［A］autonomy ［B］dignity ［C］monopoly ［D］stability

27.For three�瞦uarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _______ as microorganisms.
［A］precisely ［B］instantly ［C］initially ［D］exclusively

28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _______ , particularly in Western Europe.
［A］obscure ［B］obsolete ［C］optional ［D］overlapping

29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _______ and needs proving.
［A］spontaneous ［B］hypothetical ［C］intuitive ［D］empirical

30.The future of this company is _______ : many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net�瞓ased businesses.
［A］at odds ［B］in trouble ［C］in vain ［D］at stake

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Direction:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.
In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of commons media selectcommittee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.
39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the
41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.
“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges," he said.
Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Conerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.

31.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as

32.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening

33.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］improper

34.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper

35.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity

36.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as

37.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed

38.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate

39.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure

40.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash

41.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration

42.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than

43.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns

44.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining

45.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified

46.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by

47.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue

48.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told

49.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that

50.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guarantee

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Directions:

Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)

Passage 1

      Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
No clear�瞔ut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs inscience: exceptions can be found to any rule. Neverthelss, the word `amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
      A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widesprad introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
      Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.

51.The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in scien
-ces such as _______ .
［A］sociology and chemistry
［B］physics and psychology
［C］sociology and psychology
［D］physics and chemistry

52.We can infer from the passage that _______.
［A］there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation
［B］amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
［C］professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
［D］amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones

53.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _______.
［A］the process of specialisation and professionalisation
［B］the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
［C］the change of policies in scientific publications
［D］the discrimination of professionals against amateurs

54.The direct reason for specialisation is _______。
［A］the development in communication
［B］the growth of professionalisation
［C］the expansion of scientific knowledge
［D］the splitting up of academic societies

Passage 2

      A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so�瞔alled digital divide — the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.
      There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access — after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.
      Of course, the ue of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to getover their outdated anti�瞔olonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrials infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure — including roads, barbors, highways, prots and so on — were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does means recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.

55.Digital divide is something _______ .
［A］getting worse because of the Internet
［B］the rich countries are responsible for
［C］the world must guard against
［D］considered positive today

56.Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______ .
［A］offers economic potentials
［B］can bring foreign funds
［C］can soon wipe out world poverty
［D］connects people all over the world

57.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _______ .
［A］providing financial support overseas
［B］preventing foreign capital's control
［C］building industrial infrastructure
［D］accepting foreign investment

58.It seems that now a country's economy depends much on _______ .
［A］how well�瞕eveloped it is electronically
［B］whether it is prejudiced against immigrants
［C］whether it adopts America's industrial pattern
［D］how much control it has over foreign corporations

Passage 3

     Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self�瞐nalysis known as the journalism credibility project.
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low�瞝evel findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of heads cratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
     But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most jounalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.
     There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reportersin five middle�瞫ize cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.
     Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks,and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a coummunity.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorials skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
     This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up itsdiversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.

59 What is the passage mainly about?
［A］needs of the readers all over the world
［B］causes of the public disappointment about newspapers
［C］origins of the declining newspaper industry
［D］aims of a journalism credibility project

60.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be _______ .
［A］quite trustworthy
［B］somewhat contradictory
［C］very illuminating
［D］rather superficial

61.The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their _______ .
［A］working attitude
［B］conventional lifestyle
［C］world outlook
［D］educational background

62.Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to
its _______ .
［A］failure to realize its real problem
［B］tendency to hire annoying reporters
［C］likeliness to do inaccurate reporting
［D］prejudice in matters of race and gender

Passage 4

     The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:“Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"
There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for afast�瞘rowing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.
     I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are thesame that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.
     Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re�瞔reate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as World Com, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing — witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan — but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.
     Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?

63.What is the typical trend of businesses today?
［A］to take in more foreign funds
［B］to invest more abroad
［C］to combine and become bigger
［D］to trade with more countries

64.According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _______ .
［A］the greater customer demands
［B］a surplus supply for the market
［C］a growing productivity
［D］the increase of the world's wealth

65.From paragraph 4 we can infer that _______ .
［A］the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
［B］WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
［C］the costs of the gobalization process are enormous
［D］the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition

66.Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be said to be _______ .
［A］optimistic
［B］objective
［C］pessimistic
［D］biased

Passage 5

     When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family".
     Curiously, some two�瞐nd�瞐�瞙alf years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all", preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of �玈he�� magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
     I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much�瞤ublicized resignation from the editorship of �玈he�� after a build�瞮p of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life", and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.
     In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a-well-established trend. Downshifting — also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” — has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might betermed anti-consumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans usefultips on anything from recycling their cling�瞗ilm to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid��'90s equivalent of dropping out.
     For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the '80s, downshifting in the mid��'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life — growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one — as a personal recognition of your limitations.

67.Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
［A］Full�瞭ime employment is a new international trend.
［B］The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
［C］“A lateral move" means stepping out of full�瞭ime employment.
［D］The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.

68.The writer's experiment shows that downshifting _______ .
［A］enables her to realize her dream
［B］helps her mold a new philosophy of life
［C］prompts her to abandon her high social status
［D］leads her to accept the doctrine of �玈he�� magazine

69.“Juggling one's life” probably means living a life characterized by _______ .
［A］non�瞞aterialistic lifestyle
［B］a bit of everything
［C］extreme stree
［D］anti�瞔onsumerism

70.According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _______ .
［A］the quick pace of modern life
［B］man's adventurous spirit
［C］man's search for mythical experiences
［D］the economic situation

Part Ⅳ English�睠hinese Translation

Directions:

Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15points)

      In less than 30 years' time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Directlinks between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall. 71)There wil be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell�瞭elevision, and digital age will have arrived.
      According to BT's furturologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.
      73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries totake place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.
      Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer�瞙uman links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck," he says. 74)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man�瞞achine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”
      Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster�瞭han�瞝ight travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected,or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder — kitchen rage.

Part Ⅴ Writing

76. Directions:

Among all the worthy fellings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has
his/her own understanding of it.
There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to

1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,
2)give a specific example, and
3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.

Your should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

2001年全國碩士研究生入學考試英語試題答案解析

1.選［C］。本題重點考查虛擬語氣。句子中有兩處虛擬語氣，一是if ... could be ...,另外是it is time that ... 解題的關(guān)鍵是要判斷出第二處的虛擬語氣。在It is time that ... 句型中that后的從句中的動詞要用過去式，所以［C］buried為正確選項。

2.選［B］。本題重點考查非謂語動詞的用法及對句意的理解，可使用排除法來解題。句子的前半部分提到"好消息有時發(fā)布得過早"，后半部分用一個with短語結(jié)構(gòu)來解釋前半部分的內(nèi)容。因為with短語中要用非謂語動詞形式，所以［D］was announced可以予以排除。British recapture of the port(英軍重新占據(jù)港口)是announce的賓語，而且這一消息又比保衛(wèi)者實際投降早半天宣布，所以是一個完成的動作。因此空格處只能填入announced來表示"被動完成"的意思。

3.選［D］。本題重點考查考生對句意的理解以及對所給四個短語的掌握情況。從句意來看so前的句子為本題提供了重要的線索，這半句的意思是：根據(jù)一種信仰，如果要知道真理，真理會使自己一目了然。由這句可以推理出，了解真理的方法是待而不尋求。所給四個選項表達的意思分別：［A］寧愿；［B］不得不，必需；［C］只能；［D］最好。顯然只有［D］項是正確答案。had best的意思是"最好"，相當于had better，后面用動詞原形。

4.選［A］。本題重點考查動詞的時態(tài)。句子的主句用的是一般過去時(felt)，由when狀語從句的時態(tài)(過去完成時)可以判斷出as后面的從句的時態(tài)也應該用過去完成時，即had felt。為避免重復，felt可以省略。

5.選［B］。本題考查對介詞despite及動詞resign的掌握情況以及對句意的不理解。despite(盡管…)是一個介詞，后面要接名詞或動名詞，所以［D］是不正確的。resign是一個不及物動詞，所以［A］不正確。從句意來看，Mr Jospin已經(jīng)從領(lǐng)導崗位上退了下來，應該用完成時，所以［C］項也是錯誤的。

6.選［D］。本題著重考查倒裝句的用法。由于so involved放在了句首，句子用倒裝形式。因為句子的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以要借助于助動詞do來構(gòu)成倒裝。把這句話改變成正常語序是：The children become so involved with their computers that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games(孩子們對他們的電腦如此著迷，以致于電腦令營的領(lǐng)導不得不經(jīng)常強迫他們停下來，做做體育運動和游戲)。

7.選［D］。本題要求考在把握句意的基礎(chǔ)上重點辨析所給四個選項。從句意來看，個體電視觀眾總是(invariably)覺得他(她)只是巨大的、多樣化，觀眾的微不足道的一部分。如果填入［A］［B］［C］三個選項，所以表達的意思則正好與句子的正確意思相反，只有［D］nothing more than表達了"僅僅，只不過"的意思。

8.選［A］。本題重點考查對介詞的掌握。當下定義或解釋某種事物時，常用介詞by，構(gòu)成By ... is meant或者By ..., it is meant ...。

9.選［C］。本題要求考生能夠迅速識別出so ... that句型。

10.選［A］。本題重點考查虛擬語氣的特殊用法。be they Christian, Islamic ......，相當于whether they are Charistian, Islamic ... (不管他們是基督教、伊斯蘭教…)

11.選［B］。本題要求正確區(qū)別所給四個選項的意思。［A］discard，拋棄，遺棄；［B］discern，辨別，區(qū)別；［C］disperse，驅(qū)散；［D］disregard，不理，漠視。本句的句意是：他太年輕，還不能辨明是非。
12.選［A］。所給四個選項的意思分別是：［A］巧合，湊巧；［B］會議，傳統(tǒng)；［C］肯定；［D］復雜性。本句大意是：搶劫發(fā)生時在銀行附近發(fā)現(xiàn)她的車絕不是巧合。

13.選［B］。所給四個副詞的意思分別是：［A］謹慎地；［B］盡職地，順從地；［C］忠實地；［D］靈活地，巧妙地。對于輪船來說，遵守交通規(guī)則是它們的職責，所以只能選［B］。本句大意：海岸護衛(wèi)的責任之一就是要確保在繁忙的港灣所有的船只都要盡職地遵守交通規(guī)則。

14.選［C］。所給四個形容詞短語的意思分別是：［A］對…挑剔；［B］對…憤慨；［C］對…漠不關(guān)心；［D］服從于…。句子中的but表明but前后兩句的內(nèi)容是對比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；but前半句的意思是：愛斯基摩人也許是所以印地安人中最為信任他人，最體貼的人之一，所給選項中能夠和considerate構(gòu)成反義詞的只有［C］。

15.選［C］。［B］posed：提出，陳述；［D］tempted：引誘可以很快排除；［A］［C］互為強干擾項，都表示"強迫"的意思，但只有press才可以用press sth on sb 這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是把…強加于人。本句大意是：董事會主席把解散公司雇傭不起的優(yōu)秀職員這樣討厭的工作強加于我。

16.選［C］。［A］時間長(久)地；［B］里里外里外，徹底；［C］最后一次，一次性了結(jié)地；［D］從本質(zhì)上。本句大意是：盼望任何社會能夠一次性了結(jié)地解決它所面臨的各種社會問題的做法是幼稚的。

17.選［D］。［A］沖突，矛盾；［B］對抗；［C］擾亂，動蕩；［D］不合諧。result in...導致…，產(chǎn)生…(不好的后果)。所填入的詞應當和lack of unity一致，所以只能填disharmony。本句大意：在相鄰的房間中使用極為不同的裝飾方案會導致風格上的不合諧及缺乏一致感。

18.選［A］。所給四個選項中除了［B］swelled，其他三項都表示"繁榮，旺盛"的意思，但［A］thrived多用來指動、植物的繁榮與昌盛；［C］prospered多用來指經(jīng)濟主面的繁榮；［D］flourished多用來指植物的茂盛。

19.選［C］。［A］overturn：推翻，顛覆；［B］overtake，追上，趕上；［C］offset，抵銷，沖銷；［D］oppress，壓迫。句中的growth和decline之間的關(guān)系可以用offset。

20.選［B］。［A］firm，公司；［B］伴侶；［C］公司；［D］企業(yè)。收音機(radio)不僅僅是一種傳媒工具，還是一個伴侶，其他三項均不符合題意。

21.選［D］。［A］novel，新鮮的；［B］remote，遙遠的；［C］distant，遙遠的；［D］foreign，外來的，陌生的。本句大意是，當任何非人類器官移值于人體時，人體立刻辨別出這個器官是外來的。

22.選［C］。［A］trifled with：怠慢，小看(某人)；［B］scraped through，勉強維持生活；［C］stumbled upon,偶然看見，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)；［D］thirsted for，渴望。顯然，只有［C］項符合句意。

23.選［B］�？梢院芸炫懦�［C］deteriorate:變壞；和［D］depress,蕭條，貶值。［A］descend和［B］decline都表示"下跌，下降"的意思，但descend一般用來指事物從一個較高的位置上落到較低的位置上，表示空間方位的變化，而decline的用法比要descend廣，既可指空間位置的變化，又可指其他方面，如需求數(shù)量的減少。

24.選［A］。［C］項和［D］項可以很快排除。［B］是強干擾項，空格后面的各詞是safety standards(安全標準)，因此其前面的詞只能填遵守，即［A］conforming to。［B］consistent with是"與…連貫"的意思。

25.選［C］。句子要表明biotechnology和dectronics的關(guān)系，［D］strive，努力做…可予以排除。［A］［B］［C］三項都含有"競爭"的意思，但［A］多用于contend for(爭取這一結(jié)構(gòu)；［B］contest后面也直接跟所要爭取的事物，例如，contest a seat in Parliament，只有［C］rival后面直接跟競爭的對手。

26.選［A］。所給四個選項需要理解句意，還需要真有一定的關(guān)于美國憲法的背景知識，美國是一個聯(lián)邦制國家，其憲法特點是在加強中央政府權(quán)力的同時，也維護了各州的自治權(quán)和獨立權(quán)。由此不難看出本題只能選［A］。本句大意是：美國憲法的作者們試圖建立一個有效的國家政府，并且與此同時維護各州的自治權(quán)和個人的自由。

27.選［D］。所給四個副詞的意思分別是：［A］準確地；［B］立刻，馬上；［C］首要地；［D］唯一地，單獨地。四個詞只有exclusively才可以被almost修飾，而且也最符合句意。

28.選［B］。所給四個形容詞的意思分別是：［A］模糊的，不清楚的；［B］過時的，可選擇的；［D］交叉的，重疊的。火藥的引進只能使弓箭成為過時的器械，故［B］為正確選項。

29.選［B］所給四個形容詞的意思分別是：［A］自然的，自發(fā)的；［B］假設(shè)的；［C］直覺的；［D］經(jīng)驗的。根據(jù)常識可知，任何關(guān)于宇宙起源的理論都是假設(shè)的，是需要證明的，故只有［B］項正確。

30.選［D］。所給四個短語的意思分別是：［A］與…不合；［B］處于困境之中；［C］徒勞的，白費工夫的；［D］處于險境。從句意來看，公司的未來只能是面臨危險，所以只有［D］為確切答案。

31.選［D］。the trial of Rosemary West與空格前面的prominent cases是具體案例和泛指的關(guān)系，所以選［D］such as，表示舉例。

32.選［A］。空格后面的名詞是legal control,所填入的動名詞要表達"加強法律控制"的意思，只能用［A］tightening，其他三個選項的意思分別是：［B］加�。唬跜］集中；［D］加緊，拴牢。

33.選［D］。draft，草稿；darft bill，草案。［C］preliminary(預備的，初步的)是一個強干擾項，但該詞表示的意思是"在做正事之前做準備工作"的意思，不符合文章大意。

34.選［B］。由文章的第一段可知立法的目的就是要使新聞媒體給證人付酬成為非法活動，因此，只有［B］illegal正確。其他三個選項的意思分別［A］不符合邏輯的；［C］不可能的；［D］不恰當?shù)摹?

35.選［A］。對于英國眾院來說，這只能立法控制媒體對一件案例的報道的公開性，故只能選［A］publicity。其他三個選項的意思分別是：［B］懲罰；［C］受歡迎程度；［D］古怪性。

36.選［C］。所給四個選項中只有［C］before最確切。只有在審判之前控制一件案例的公開程度才是合理的。

37.選［D］�？崭窈竺娴拿�詞是a committee report。從動詞搭配而言，四個選項都可以，但是［A］sided后面一般接人，表示與某人采取同樣的立場，side with sb;［B］shared表示"分享"的意思；［C］complied with 表示"遵守，服從"的意思。Lord Irvine是一個法官，所以［D］為正確選項。

38.選［B］。所給四個選項的意思分別是：［A］present,呈送；［B］offer，提供；［C］manifest，表明，呈現(xiàn)；［D］indicate，暗示。從句意來看，只有［B］最恰當。

39.選［B］。從本段內(nèi)容來看，Lord Irvine的講話引起了媒體的抗議。他講話兩天后，他的信被發(fā)表了，應該用publication。［A］release一般用來指唱片、電影、書籍的發(fā)行；［C］printing，印刷；［D］exposure，曝光，一般指不同的事情公布于眾，但從上下文可知，Lord Irvine的信不能被看作此類事物。

40.選［A］。用storm(暴風雨)來體現(xiàn)媒體抗議的強烈程度。rage，發(fā)怒；flare，交光，閃耀；flash，閃光，都不符合句意。

41.選［B］�？崭窈蟮拿�詞是privacy controls(隱私控制)。由于文章講的主要是英國眾院立法禁止新聞媒體向目擊者付酬，而這樣的立法引起了媒體的抗議。爭議的焦點是對歐洲立法中的包含的隱私控制的歸屬問題。所以此處只能用interpretational(解釋，闡釋)。其他三項都不符合句意。

42.選［C］。從文章內(nèi)容來看，是法官擁有對隱私控制的解釋權(quán)還是國會擁有對隱私控制的解釋權(quán)是爭議的核心問題，因而法官和國會是互相對立的關(guān)系，兩者只能取其一。所給四個選項中只有rather than(…而不是)表達了這樣的意思。other than是強干擾項，它表達的意思是"除了…還"，包括其后的名詞，不表示排除。

43.選［B］。從整句話內(nèi)容來看，此處只能makes，與44題中的形容詞構(gòu)成貼切的表達。

44.選［A］。binding的意思是：有約束力的，有束縛力的。

45.選［C］。be entitled to sth是固定表達方式，意思是"有權(quán)利做…，有權(quán)利享受…"。其他三項不能用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。

46.選［A］。此處填介詞with表原因。本句的意思是：由于有我們的英國法官，新聞自由才會被安全把握。

47.選［D］。從文章來看，有關(guān)給目擊人付酬的爭論并沒有結(jié)束，因此才成了一個爭論點(issue)。

48.選［C］。這里用的是sb is said to ...的結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是：據(jù)說，…。49.選［D］。此處填入that，引導一個同位語從句，表明concerns的內(nèi)容。

50.選［C］。容易排除的是［B］confide(向…告以心事)。［A］［C］［D］互為干擾項。［A］assure的意思是："使確信，使放心"；［D］guaranotee的意思是"保證"；［C］ensure的詞義則此較廣泛，不光有"保證"的意思，還有"使某事必然發(fā)生"的意思。這一意項也是在文章中應取的意思。文章最后一句話的意思是，有人擔心這樣做(給目擊證人付酬)會鼓勵目擊證人在法庭上過分渲染他們的故事，從而導致有罪的判決。

51.選［D］。本題屬細節(jié)類題目。文章第二段最后一句為正確解答本題提供了幫助。這一句中的關(guān)鍵詞是"in those areas of science based especially on a mathe matical or laboratory training"這就表明了專業(yè)分工較為明顯的學科的性質(zhì)，即一般都是建立在數(shù)學或?qū)嶒炇已芯糠矫娴膶W科。所給四個選項中只有［D］物理學和化學是正確選項。

52.選［B］。本題的答案不是很明顯，可用排除法來解決。文章第一段最后兩句指出"專業(yè)分工是影響交流過程的一系列相關(guān)科學發(fā)展中的一部分。另一個是科學活動不斷增長的專業(yè)化趨勢"。由這兩句可看出，專業(yè)分工和專業(yè)化是科學發(fā)展的兩方面，兩者是有區(qū)別的，所以［A］"專業(yè)分工和專業(yè)化之間沒有什么差別"是不正確的。從文章第三段可以看出專業(yè)科技人員和業(yè)余科技人員是持"不相容"態(tài)度的，而且隨著專業(yè)化的不斷發(fā)展，這種"不相容"關(guān)系更加明顯，所以［C］"專業(yè)人員傾向于歡迎業(yè)余人員加入到他們的科學團體中去"是錯誤的。第三段最后一句話中的"whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way"表示業(yè)余科技人員既有地方團體也有國家團體，所以［D］是錯誤的。經(jīng)排除后只有［B］才是唯一的正確選項。

53.選［C］。此題屬于把握作者意圖類題目，可以從文章第二段最后一句找到線索。這句中的trend 指的就是科學活動中專業(yè)分工和專業(yè)化的趨勢。原文中的The trendcan be illuserated in terms of the development of geology換成了題目中的主動語態(tài)，illustrate換成了demonstrate。

54.選［C］。文章第一段第一句提供了本題的答案。原文中的an increasing accumalation of suentific knowledge換成了被選項中的the expansion of scientific knowledge。

55.選［C］。本題不是要對digital divide 下定義，而是作出評價。文章第一段中的"Mywife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago"對digital divide做了評價，關(guān)鍵詞是looming danger(隱約出現(xiàn)的危險)，表明digital divide是有危險的，因此全世界需要防范。

56.選［A］。文章第二段前半部分指出了政府重視互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的原因--互聯(lián)網(wǎng)越開放，就意味著更多的顧客。關(guān)鍵句是afraid their countries will be left behind。

57.選［D］。文章第四段前兩句提供了本題的線索。這兩句的意思是：要利用這一工具，一些貧窮國家需要克服(get over)他們待外國投資那種落后的反殖民主義的仿見。那些仍然視外國投資為對已主權(quán)侵略的國家也許應好好學習一下美國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的歷史。從這兩句話可以看出作者提及美國的目的是要說明貧窮國家要采取吸收外資的政策。

58.選［A］。文章第三段為本題提供了線索。本段指出了Internet的重要性。同時文章最后一段中…which today is an electronic infrastructure"也表明了電子工業(yè)對一個國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要性。

59.選［B］。文章第一段的第一句以問句的形式表明了本文的主旨，即要尋找許多美國人對報紙報導不信任的原因，也就是［B］項的內(nèi)容。

60.選［D］。文章第二段指出新聞可信度調(diào)查項目的調(diào)查結(jié)果只是"low level findings abont factual errors, and grammar mistakes, …"�？梢娺@些調(diào)查結(jié)果是很膚淺的(superfalial)。

61.選［C］。從文章第三段開始，文章找出了讀者不信任新離報導的許多種原因，包括新聞業(yè)內(nèi)部傳統(tǒng)的報導模式(conventional story line)、新聞記者和讀者在文化和社會上的脫節(jié)。文章第六段指出，"The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in …but in the daily clash of world views between reporters ard their readets"，表明新聞記者不受信任的基本原因是他們的世界觀，原文中的world views換成了被選項中的world ontlook。

62.選［A］。文章的最后一段指出報業(yè)仍然不能滿足讀者的原因是it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases…，也就是說報業(yè)沒有意識到它的真正問題。

63.選［C］。文章的第一句即為本題提供了答案。原文中的mergers and acquisitions(合并與兼并)換成了被選項中的combine and become bigger。

64.選［C］。(本題屬細節(jié)類題目，可從文章直接定位并且運用排除法找出正確選項。)文章三段指出了巨大兼并。合并潮的推動力，包括運輸和通訊費用的降低，較低的貿(mào)易和投資壁壘，需要采用擴大經(jīng)營方式才能滿足顧客需要的擴大的市場。顯然，只有［A］是正確選項。

65.選［D］。本題屬于推理類題目。正確解答此題的關(guān)鍵是要正確理解第四段第二句話 It is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were …, when the stardard oil trust was broken up。這句話表明標準石油托拉期在一個世界以前有可能威脅競爭，但今天的合并則不會。hard to imagine(很難想象)"。

66.選［B］。本題屬于把握作者觀念點類題目。文章最后一段第一句指出，the fast remains that the merger movement must be watched(然而事實是合并運動有待觀望)，這表明作者對這股生意潮的態(tài)度是比較客觀的(objective)。另外從整篇文章來看，作者的態(tài)度也是很客觀的，例如在第四段作者講到兼并的益處，但最后一段涉及兼并會引起的各種問題。

67.選［B］。本題一道推理性題目，需要正確理解文章第一段才能做出正確選擇，本段第一指出是作者辭去全職工作時才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己加入了一個國際大潮中，顯然全職工作不是這個國際大潮。第二句中的a lateral move的意思是"平行移動，橫向移動"，顯然不是指不做全職工作。而正是這個傷害作者自尊心、阻礙她職業(yè)發(fā)展的"平行移動"促使她放棄了她較高形象的職業(yè)生涯。本段最后一句指出作者聲稱："I wanted to spend more time with my family"只是用來"cover"她的職職的�？梢�，作者是由于環(huán)境因素才辭去工作的，［B］為正確選項。

68.選［B］。文章第二段提供了本題的線索。第二段中的transformed ... into ...表明了作者在生活觀上的改變，而這都是由于她采取了"順其自然"(downshifting)的生活方式的結(jié)果。

69.選［C］。從文章整篇內(nèi)容來看(主要是第三段)，downshifting和juggling your life是兩種相對立的生活方式。既然downshifting是順其自然，juggling your life就意味著生活中有很多壓力，同時第三段對juggling your life做了具體的描述：12小時工作日，緊迫的交稿期限，辦公室政治的可怕壓力以及在限定時間做人母的局限�？梢妀uggling your life是指一種充滿了極端壓力的生活。

70.選［D］。文章第五段第一句話為本題提供了線索。"While in American the trend (downshifting) started as a vacation to the economic decline"，表明在美國這種趨勢是經(jīng)濟衰退的反應。