Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　21.Copper and her colleague argue that a "town of culture" award would ___.

　　A. consolidate the town city ties in Britain

　　B. promote cooperation among Brain's towns

　　C. increase the economic strength of Brain's towns

　　D. focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.

　　22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as ______..

　　A.a sensible compromise

　　B.a self-deceiving attempt

　　C.an eye-catching bonus

　　D.an inaccessible target

　　23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it ______

　　A. endeavor to maintain its image

　　B. meets the aspiration of its people

　　C. brings its local arts to prominence

　　D. commits to its long-term growth

　　24. “Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present ______

　　A. a contrasting case

　　B. a supporting example

　　C. a background story

　　D. a related topic

　　25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?

　　A. Skeptical B. Objective C. Favorable D. Critical

　　21 C increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns

　　這道題是細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)庫(kù)珀和她的同事們認(rèn)為“文化之城”這一獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)可能會(huì)怎樣可以定位在第一段第三句：“Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,……” “赫爾之冠”的成功并不局限于城市，它為赫爾帶來(lái)了2.2億歐元的投資和大量藝術(shù)作品。英國(guó)的城鎮(zhèn)，確實(shí)沒(méi)有被阻止申請(qǐng)，但他們通常缺乏資源來(lái)湊齊一點(diǎn)來(lái)?yè)魯∷麄兏�大的�?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。有人認(rèn)為，“文化之城”獎(jiǎng)可以成為一項(xiàng)年度活動(dòng)，吸引資金并創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。所以能看出答案是C. 增強(qiáng)英國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力。

　　22 B a self-deceiving attempt

　　該題是推斷題, 題干問(wèn):根據(jù)第二段，這一提議或許會(huì)被一些人認(rèn)為是…….。 可以定位在第二段第一句“Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that……”“有些人可能會(huì)把這個(gè)提議看作是一個(gè)噓聲，因?yàn)橛��?guó)已經(jīng)不能再申請(qǐng)更有聲望的歐洲文化之都的稱(chēng)號(hào)了……” 能看出來(lái)有些人是持反面態(tài)度的。很多人不認(rèn)識(shí)boo，但是也能從后面的on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for,在絕望地為英國(guó)退歐后的世界重塑形象之際，英國(guó)即將消失在一場(chǎng)無(wú)休止的自我慶祝熱潮之中. 接下來(lái)幾個(gè)反問(wèn)句，能看出來(lái)是一種自我欺騙的嘗試，所以選擇B。

　　23 D commits to its long-term growth

　　該題也是細(xì)節(jié)題, 題干問(wèn):作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)頭銜的持有者是成功的只要它……可以定位到第三段第三句，這些頭銜真正成功的持有者，是那些除了為酒店帶來(lái)收入、帶來(lái)引人注目的藝術(shù)活動(dòng)和一年的良好報(bào)道之外，還做了很多事情的人。它們轉(zhuǎn)變了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦脑竿?他們將城市的自我形象推向更大膽、更樂(lè)觀的一面。所以能看出只要他把致力于鄉(xiāng)村的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展中，這個(gè)頭銜就會(huì)是成功的。

　　24 A. a contrasting case

　　這題是寫(xiě)作目的題， 題干說(shuō)：第3段提到格拉斯哥是為了展現(xiàn)什么�？梢远ㄎ坏降谌�段倒數(shù)第一句。可以看到前面有明顯的BUT， 知道和前面的意思成相反�！斑@個(gè)問(wèn)題很難解決，需要高度的遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)，也需要城市當(dāng)局、私營(yíng)部門(mén)、社區(qū)團(tuán)體和文化組織之間的合作。但這是可以做到的:格拉斯哥作為歐洲文化之都的一年，可以被看作是一系列復(fù)雜的因素之一，這些因素把這座城市變成了藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)和戲劇的力量，直到今天�！�

　　25 D favourable

　　這題是作者態(tài)度題，問(wèn)作者對(duì)于這個(gè)建議的態(tài)度。第一段是提出該建議。第二段是一些人認(rèn)為這個(gè)建議有點(diǎn)吹噓。而只有最后一段能看出作者對(duì)此建議的態(tài)度，“一個(gè)“文化之城”不僅僅是藝術(shù)之城，而且要尊重一個(gè)城市的特色——幫助維持它的商業(yè)街，支持當(dāng)?shù)氐脑O(shè)施，最重要的是贊美它的人民，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)�！彼�以能看出是積極贊成的態(tài)度。

　　Text 2

　　Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish

　　their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.

　　With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.

　　The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.

　　The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.

　　In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.

　　Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these’’article preparation costs’’ had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.

　　26. Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money" partly because________

　　[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase .

　　[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.

　　[C] its payment for peer review is reduced.

　　[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.

　　27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have________

　　[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.

　　[B] gone through an existential crisis.

　　[C] revived the publishing industry.

　　[D] financed researchers generously.

　　28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?

　　[A] Relieved.

　　[B] Puzzled.

　　[C] Concerned

　　[D] Encouraged.

　　29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms________

　　[A]allow publishers some room to make money.

　　[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.

　　[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially.

　　[D] free universities from financial burdens.

　　30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?

　　[A] Trial subscription is offered.

　　[B] Labour triumphs over status.

　　[C] Costs are well controlled.

　　D] The few feed on the many.

　　26, 細(xì)節(jié)題 D its content acquisition cost nothing

　　根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞a licence to print money because ,定位到第一段第二句，其他科學(xué)家也免費(fèi)進(jìn)行同行評(píng)議的專(zhuān)門(mén)工作，因?yàn)樗�是獲得地位和生產(chǎn)科學(xué)知識(shí)的核心要素。正確選項(xiàng)D，acquisition原詞， for free替換選項(xiàng)中的，cost nothing.

　　27, 細(xì)節(jié)題 A thrived mainly on universities libraries

　　根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Elsevier定位到第三段第一句話，The Dutch giant Elsevier, ....made profits of more than 490m last year. while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016,該公司去年利潤(rùn)超過(guò)4.9億英鎊 然而僅英國(guó)大學(xué)在2016年就花費(fèi)了超過(guò)2.1億英鎊。正確選項(xiàng)A 主要依靠大學(xué)圖書(shū)館 為定位句的同意表達(dá)

　　28態(tài)度題 B concerned

　　根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞Sci-Hub的成功定位到第四段第二句， The success of Sci- Hub, .... have themselves legally accessed shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants這表明法律生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在其用戶中已經(jīng)失去了合法性，必須進(jìn)行改造，以便為所有參與者服務(wù). 可見(jiàn)作者對(duì)于Sci- Hub的成功采取否定態(tài)度，正確選項(xiàng)B concerned擔(dān)憂，擔(dān)心。A relieved寬慰的，C puzzled困惑的屬錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)， D encouraged鼓勵(lì)的，正反混淆

　　29推斷題 A allow publishers some room to make money

　　根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞open access定位到第四段，最后一句 ...so that the publishers can make a profit before...,合理收取費(fèi)用是未來(lái)出版商能夠獲利，A選項(xiàng)為同義替換。B render publishing much easier for scientists使發(fā)表對(duì)科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)容易得多 .C reduce the cost of publication substantiality 降低出版成本 D. free universities from financial burdens使大學(xué)擺脫財(cái)政負(fù)擔(dān)

　　30 細(xì)節(jié)題 D the few feed on the many

　　根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞scientific publishing model定位到最后一段第五句，labour is provided places free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.勞動(dòng)力被免費(fèi)提供，以換取地位的希望，而一些經(jīng)營(yíng)市場(chǎng)的大公司則獲得了巨額利潤(rùn)。 可知少部分作者免費(fèi)勞動(dòng)，大部分公司盈利，A選項(xiàng)為同義替換

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