Section III Translation

　　Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the

　　Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 7th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.(46)With (the gap between) the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.

　　During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.(47)Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the Ptolemaic and Aristotelian geocentric view that the earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.

　　(48)Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalist, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made, and at a rate that the people-including the Church-could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.

　　The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century.(49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.

　　The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress.(50)Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase "sapere aude" or "dare to know", after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay. An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.

　　46.【題干】With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.

　　【答案】由于文藝復(fù)興時期教會的教義和思維方式之間的差距被消除，中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代時期之間的差距得意彌合，導(dǎo)致了新的和未開發(fā)的知識領(lǐng)域。

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　　47.【題干】Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the earth was at the centre of our universe.

　　【答案】每個啟示出現(xiàn)之前，當(dāng)時的許多思想家都采用更為古老的思維方式，包括地心說的觀點(diǎn)，該觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為地球是我們宇宙的中心。

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　　48.【題干】Despite attempts by the chuch to sop suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explorations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that people could no longer Ignore.

　　【答案】盡管教堂做出許多嘗試去壓制新一代的邏輯學(xué)家和理論學(xué)者，但是更多對于宇宙是如何運(yùn)作的探索正在以人們難以忽視的速度進(jìn)行著。

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　　49.【題干】As many took duty of trying to integrate reasoning scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over it was time for a new era.

　　【答案】正當(dāng)很多人致力于嘗試把推理和科學(xué)哲理融入到世界時，文藝復(fù)興結(jié)束了，而此時一個新的時代到來了。

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　　50.【題干】Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase "sapere aude" or "dare to know".

　　【答案】這些探索知識并且理解已知信息的行為可以用拉丁文“sapere aude”或英文“dare to know”描述。

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