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51. childish,childlike
childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.
childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal,there was childlike smile on her face.
52. choose,pick,select,elect
choose是一常用詞,表一般的"選擇".
pick通常用于不需要認(rèn)真權(quán)衡,對(duì)比就能做出決定。
select側(cè)重"在同類的許多東西中,進(jìn)行有斟酌的精選".
elect指選舉或用其他方法推選人。
53. cloth,clothing
cloth布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.
clothing衣服(總稱)。如:You'd better give all the old clothing away.
54. complex,complicated
均可表"復(fù)雜".
complex為常用詞。
complicated為正式用詞,表由于組成部分太多,相互關(guān)系太復(fù)雜而不能理解,語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)。
55. compose,consist,constitute
compose為常用詞,常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人組成陪審團(tuán)。)
consist表一個(gè)整體由幾個(gè)部分組成(只能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(聯(lián)合王國(guó)是由大不列顛及北愛爾蘭組成。)
constitute為正式用詞,與consist相反,表由哪些部分構(gòu)成整體。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二個(gè)月。)
56. considerable,considerate
considerable相當(dāng)多的,可觀的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了許多麻煩。)
considerate 考慮周到的,體諒的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真體貼人,不打擾我們。)
57. consistent,constant,continual,continuous
consistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words.
constant不斷的,表示持續(xù)和慣常的重現(xiàn),往往沒有變化。如:He attributes his health to his constant exercise.
continual頻頻的,不停的,時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù),中間可有間歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health.
continuous不斷延伸的,連續(xù)不斷的,強(qiáng)調(diào)中間無間斷。如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.
58. crack,crash
crack(使)破裂,砸開。如:I can crack it, but I can't break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。)
crash摔壞,墜毀。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飛機(jī)起飛不久就墜毀了。)
59. crawl,creep
crawl多指蛇,蟲類等身體沿地面或其他表面的動(dòng)作。如:There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一蟲子正在你的背上往上爬。)
creep多指哺乳動(dòng)物或人等用四肢爬行的動(dòng)物偷偷摸摸無聲緩慢的前行動(dòng)作。如:They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我們遲到了,便悄悄地溜進(jìn)教室。)
60. cure,treat
cure治愈,醫(yī)治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(這藥能治好你的病。)
cure表示治好,treat只表示"給……治病".
61. current,present
均可表"現(xiàn)在","目前".
current強(qiáng)調(diào)在現(xiàn)階段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (當(dāng)代英語(yǔ))
present為常用詞,指現(xiàn)在正在通用的,在時(shí)間上比current的范圍更窄。如:What's your present address?(你現(xiàn)住址是哪里?)
62. custom,habit
均可表習(xí)慣。
custom為正式用詞,多指社團(tuán)或人們的習(xí)慣行為方式。
habit為常用詞,多指?jìng)(gè)人因多次重復(fù)而形成做某事的趨勢(shì)或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of biting his nails.(他有咬手指的壞習(xí)慣。)
63. damage,destroy,harm,ruin
均可表"破壞","損壞".
damage一般指部分性的破壞,含可修復(fù)使用。
destroy指十分徹底的毀壞,破壞。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整個(gè)城市被毀了。)
harm多指帶來悲痛,產(chǎn)生惡果的傷害,可以是肉體的也可是精神的。如:Doctors say smoking harms our health.(醫(yī)生說吸煙對(duì)身體有害。)
ruin為正式用詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于自然力或時(shí)間的作用而逐漸損壞,用于比喻時(shí)也指徹底毀壞名聲,期望等。如:She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在畫上,把它毀了。)另外,ruin的復(fù)數(shù)形式ruins表"廢墟".
64. decrease,reduce
decrease多表示逐漸縮小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(腫脹日漸消退。)
reduce為常用詞,使用范圍較大,可指尺寸,數(shù)量,規(guī)模和程度等,也可指地位,經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。如:He won't reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)
65. dependent,independent
dependent依賴的,依靠的(on,upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.
Independent 不依靠的,獨(dú)立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.
66. desert,dessert
desert沙漠。如:Have you ever been to a desert?
Dessert甜食。如:What would you like for dessert,an apple pie or ice-cream?
67. discover,invent
discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.
invent發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.
68. duty,responsibility
均有"責(zé)任"之意,可換用。
duty意義較廣,多指發(fā)自內(nèi)心的道德倫理上的責(zé)任感。
responsibility著重指從道義或法律上對(duì)事件之后果負(fù)責(zé)。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承擔(dān)打破花瓶的全部責(zé)任。)
69. effective,efficient
均可表示"有效的".
effective常用以指物,強(qiáng)調(diào)能產(chǎn)生某種預(yù)期的效果。如:effective medicine,effective method等。
efficient"效率高的","有能力的",用以指人或物,著重有效地利用時(shí)間、精力并取得預(yù)期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德國(guó)的電話系統(tǒng)效率很高。)
70. economic,economical
economic經(jīng)濟(jì)(學(xué))的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉圖的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說)
economical節(jié)約的,節(jié)儉的。如:He is economical of money and time.
71. electric,electrical,electronic
三詞都與電有關(guān)
electric著重于發(fā)電的,電動(dòng)的或?qū)щ姷摹H纾篹lectric generator(發(fā)電機(jī));electric light(電燈)
electrical多指本身不產(chǎn)生電,但是與電有關(guān)的。如:electrical engineering(電機(jī)工程);an electrical transcription(廣播唱片)
electronic 電子的,電子操作的。如:electronic engineering(電子工程學(xué))
72. emergence,emergency
emergence是emerge的名詞形式。
Emergency意為"緊急情況","突然事件".
73. everyday,every day
everyday每日的,日常的(作定語(yǔ))。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.
every day每天(作狀語(yǔ))。如:She gets up early every day.
74. endure,bear,stand,tolerate,withstand
都表忍受,忍耐。
bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、煩惱或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是難以忍受的。)
endure忍耐,書面語(yǔ),指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間經(jīng)受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦難需要耐力。)
stand忍受,與bear同義,但較口語(yǔ)化。如:She can't stand having nothing to do.(沒事干,她受不了。)
tolerate容忍,容許,指自我克制的態(tài)度,對(duì)于令人反感的事沒有任何抗議。如:I can't tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果繼續(xù)這樣下去的話,我決不會(huì)容忍他。)
withstand經(jīng)受,承受,指頂住外來的壓力和攻勢(shì)。如:They have withstood all test.(他們經(jīng)受了一切考驗(yàn)。)
75. error,mistake,fault,shortcoming
均表"缺點(diǎn)","錯(cuò)誤".
error是通用詞,指任何錯(cuò)誤,"犯錯(cuò)誤"可以說commit /make an error.
mistake指判斷或理解方面,或指因考慮不周而造成的錯(cuò)誤,搭配是make a mistake.
fault表示"過失",可與error通用,現(xiàn)多用來指缺點(diǎn),特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(這臺(tái)機(jī)器有一處毛病。)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) find fault with挑剔,找毛病。
shortcoming 缺點(diǎn),可指人或事物的本質(zhì)上不足之處(常用復(fù)數(shù))。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(盡管他缺點(diǎn)多,我仍然喜歡他。)
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