句子是構(gòu)成文章的基本框架。如何寫出流暢、漂亮的句子是決定整篇文章是否成功的關(guān)鍵。學生在學習大學英語的過程中,對長句的表達或多或少都有了一定的理解,但是在寫作的過程中卻依然存在著句型結(jié)構(gòu)過于簡單,詞匯運用過于局限的情況。因此,如何使句子在正確的基礎上增強表現(xiàn)力,是學生們急于解決的問題。關(guān)于如何寫出經(jīng)典句型,我們可以從以下幾個方面適當?shù)馗淖儯?/P>
1. 句型要豐富多彩,不要使用只有主謂賓、定狀補的簡單句型結(jié)構(gòu),也不能總使用There be 句型。
2. 可以嘗試使用倒裝句型,包括介詞短語提前、時間狀語提前、副詞提前等。
3. 可以嘗試使用If引導的條件句、虛擬語氣等。
4. 注意連接詞的靈活應用。例如表示轉(zhuǎn)折的時候不要只用but,還可以用however, whereas, yet等。
5. 可以嘗試使用從句結(jié)構(gòu),包括定語從句、狀語從句等。如果擔心從句的正確性,考生可以采用結(jié)構(gòu)相對簡單的從句。
6. 可以嘗試使用并列句型,如on the one hand...on the other hand等結(jié)構(gòu)。
7. 可以嘗試使用插入語結(jié)構(gòu)。即在長句中將主語和謂語動詞分開,然后在中間插入修飾語。修飾語可以是分詞結(jié)構(gòu),也可以是介詞短語等。
8. 注意詞匯的選擇。盡量激發(fā)自己的思維,挖掘新鮮的詞匯,不要只使用已經(jīng)熟練掌握的高中詞匯,要多嘗試使用六級詞匯。
9. 可以嘗試使用數(shù)字和大寫字母來為句子增色。
10. 針對不同的段落,句子的構(gòu)成狀況也可以進行相應的變化。例如文章的首段,盡量使用中等長度、結(jié)構(gòu)和語法都不會出現(xiàn)錯誤的、把握性較大的句子。文章的主要部分,主題句要保證準確無誤、通順流暢。
下面我們?yōu)閺V大考生提供一些可以用在文章不同段落的有針對性的、較為經(jīng)典的句型:
針對性句型
1. 我深信……: I am greatly convinced (that)從句/I am greatly assured (that)從句
【例】 我深信預防勝于治療。=I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure. 2. ……是很容易證明的: It can be easily proved (that)從句
【例】 時間最珍貴是很容易證明的。=It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time。
3. ……無論如何強調(diào)都不為過: ...cannot be overemphasized
【例】 交通安全的重要性無論如何強調(diào)都不為過。=The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized。
4. 在我看來……;我認為……: In my opinion.../To my mind.../As far as I am concerned.../I am of the opinion that從句
【例】 在我看來,打電子游戲既花費時間又有損健康。=In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but also is harmful to health。
5. 不用說……: It goes without saying that從句/Needless to say that從句/It is obvious that從句/Obviously,主語+謂語(+賓語)
【例】 不用說,早睡早起是值得的。=It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours。
6. ……是不可能的;無法……: There is no+doing sth. /There is no way of+doing sth. /There is no possibility of+doing sth. /It is impossible to do sth. /It is out of the question to do sth. /No one can+do sth. /...cannot+do sth。
【例】 不可否認,事業(yè)成功的關(guān)鍵在于身心健康。=There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind。
7. 人人知曉……/毫無疑問……: Everyone knows (that)從句/There is no doubt that從句
【例】 毫無疑問,近視在我國的年青人中是一個嚴重的問題。=There is no doubt that nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth in our country。
8. ……是必要的: It is necessary that+主語 (+should)+謂語
……是重要的: It is important/essential+that 主語 (+should)+謂語
……是適當?shù)模?It is proper that+主語 (+should)+謂語
……是緊急的: It is urgent that+主語 (+should)+謂語
【例】 我們應當保持公共場所的清潔。=It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean。
9. 據(jù)說……: It is said that從句
一般認為……: It is thought that從句
眾所周知……: It is known that從句
據(jù)報道……: It is reported that從句
一般估計……: It is estimated that從句
【例】 眾所周知,閱讀增加我們的知識,開闊我們的心胸。=It is known that reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind。
10. ……的主要原因是……: The main reason why...is that從句
【例】 青少年犯罪的主要原因是社會環(huán)境逐漸惡化。=The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse。
經(jīng)典句型
1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases related to smoking. 根據(jù)最近的一項調(diào)查,每年有400萬人死于與吸煙相關(guān)的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的調(diào)查顯示相當多的孩子對家庭作業(yè)感到不滿。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 沒有一項發(fā)明像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)這樣受到如此多的表揚和批評。
4. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness。許多專家指出體育鍛煉直接有利于身體健康。
5. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse. 考慮到問題的嚴重性,在事態(tài)進一步惡化之前必須采取有效的措施。
6. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and great efforts should be made to protect local environment from the harmful effects of international tourism. 應該采取適當?shù)拇胧┫拗仆鈬糜握叩臄?shù)量,努力保護當?shù)丨h(huán)境不受國際旅游業(yè)的不利影響。
7. Many city residents complain that there are so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers. 許多市民抱怨城市的公交車太少,以至于他們花很長時間等來的卻是一輛已經(jīng)載滿乘客的公交車。
8. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. 不可否認,空氣污染是一個極其嚴重的問題:市政部門應該采取有力措施來解決。
9. An investigation shows that women tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement. 一項調(diào)查顯示婦女對退休持贊成態(tài)度。
10. A proper part-time job does not occupy students’ too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of their time on study. As an old saying goes:“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy! 一份適當?shù)募媛毠ぷ鞑⒉粫加脤W生太多的時間。事實上,把全部的時間都用到學習上并不利于學生的健康。俗話說得好:“只工作不玩耍,聰明孩子也變傻。”
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