為了更好地、科學(xué)地、客觀地衡量大學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)水平及語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力，國(guó)家英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考委會(huì)本著為教學(xué)服務(wù)的精神，認(rèn)真研究測(cè)試手段對(duì)教學(xué)的反映作用，不斷提高測(cè)試的質(zhì)量。從1996年年初起已正式啟用翻譯、簡(jiǎn)答題、聽寫等新題型。長(zhǎng)期以來，聽力對(duì)學(xué)生來說一直是一個(gè)很大的障礙，聽寫就更是難上加難了。全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)統(tǒng)考于97年6月首次采用了"復(fù)合式聽寫"(Compound Dictation)這一題型，它比聽力選擇題更強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力，考生不僅要具有良好的聽的能力，還應(yīng)具有較強(qiáng)的拼寫能力，記筆記能力和書面表達(dá)能力，聽的能力是"復(fù)合式聽寫"的基礎(chǔ)。怎樣應(yīng)試好聽寫部分呢?

　　Section B Compound Dictation

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage Three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Then listen to the passage again. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

　　在英語(yǔ)六級(jí)別考試中，考生在做第8-10個(gè)填空時(shí)，由于沒弄懂題意，只想著全部聽寫下來，結(jié)果感到速度太快，記不下來。聽寫部分意思雖然理解了，也沒用自己的話表達(dá)，白白地丟掉了好幾分。六級(jí)別聽力考試中，除了對(duì)話和短文的解題要點(diǎn)以外，做英語(yǔ)六級(jí)別聽寫部分時(shí)，還要根據(jù)聽寫題材本身的特點(diǎn)，采用一些不同的技巧。要做好聽寫題，必須所把握好以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　(1)利用間隙，瀏覽全文，積極預(yù)測(cè)。

　　聽寫部分開頭有一段較長(zhǎng)的Directions，其長(zhǎng)度約為150詞左右，差不多等于聽寫短文本身。按每分鐘130-150個(gè)詞的語(yǔ)速朗讀，大約需要1分多一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間才能讀完。而Directions的內(nèi)容考生在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中已經(jīng)多次接觸，非常熟悉，沒有必要再去細(xì)聽慢讀，應(yīng)該有效地利用這一段寶貴的時(shí)間，通讀全文，積極預(yù)測(cè)文章的內(nèi)容。因?yàn)槁爩懖糠?除復(fù)合式聽寫的第二部分外)卷面所提供的文字信息往往比所要求填寫的信息多，利用這些已知的信息預(yù)測(cè)未知的信息可以大大提高填詞的針對(duì)性。

　　通過卷面文字捕捉信息，找出線索、了解大意。"復(fù)合式聽寫"材料多為說明文，這一體裁的文章具有主題突出，條理分明，層次清楚，語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔，邏輯性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。文章的開頭或段首多半有主題句(topic sentence)，之后的段、句進(jìn)一步具體擴(kuò)展、說明或論證主題句。段首和段尾均有完整的主題句�？忌鷳�(yīng)利用一切機(jī)會(huì)，如考前空隙或播放考試指令時(shí)間，瀏覽試卷該項(xiàng)下的文字部分，尤其是主題句，根據(jù)主題句預(yù)測(cè)文章發(fā)展線索和大意。

　　Passage One

　　If you are a young college student, most of your concerns about your health and happiness in life are probably (S1) _________ on the present. Basically, you want to feel good physically, mentally, and (S2)_______now. You probably don't spend much time worrying about the (S3)_______future, such as whether you will develop heart disease, or (S4)________,how you will take care of yourself in your (S5)_______years, or how long you are going to live. Such thoughts may have (S6)_______your mind once in a while， however, if you are in your thirties, forties, fifties, or older, such health related thoughts are likely to become(S7)________important to you.

　　(S8)_________that will help you feel better physically and mentally. Recently researchers have found that, even in late adulthood, exercise, strength training with weights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life. (S9)_________ giving us the opportunity to avoid some of health problems that have troubled them. (S10)____________

　　(S1) focused
　　(S2) emotionally
　　(S3) distant
　　(S4) cancer
　　(S5) retirement
　　(S6) crossed
　　(S7) increasingly��
　　(S8)Regardless of your age, you can make a number of important changes in your current life style
　　(S9)We know much more about preventive health today than our parents and grandparents did in the past,
　　(S10)And this new knowledge can be transmitted to our children to help them become healthier than our generation.

　　(1) present-now-future
　　(2) Para. 1 Changes of people's concerns (young——older)
　　(3) Para. 2 how to feel better and avoid some health problems

　　即使"復(fù)合式聽寫"材料為其它體裁的文章，聽音前瀏覽下試題也大有裨益。因?yàn)槲恼戮哂幸恢滦院瓦B貫性的特點(diǎn)，從試題中我們總會(huì)搜索到一些有參考價(jià)值的材料。1997年6月份大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中的聽寫文章：考生掃一眼便會(huì)知道是一篇關(guān)于policeman和他們的job的事，這樣就不會(huì)措手不及，心慌意亂，影響正常水平的發(fā)揮了。

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