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　　Section C

　　Directions：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A.，B.，C.andD..You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowingpassage.

　　They say that sticks and stones may break your bones，but words will never hurt you.Yet childhood bullying really can damage your long-term health.

　　Gone are the days when bullying was considered an inevitable and ultimately harmless part of growing up—iust last month we learned that childhood bullying can lead to poorer mental 　health even into middle age.

　　Now William Copeland at Duke University in Durham，North Carolina，and his colleagues have shown that it can have lingering physiological effects too.They tracked 1420 9-year-olds right through their teens.Each child was seen up to nine times during the study and quizzed about bullying.The team then measured levels of C-reactive protein in their blood.CRP is a marker of inflammation(炎癥)linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease (心血管疾病)and problems like diabetes.

　　“Because we were collecting biological samples throughout，we were able to look at CRP levels in subjects prior to their bullying involvement.”says Copeland.“This really gives us an idea of the changes bullying brings about.”

　　Although CRP levels naturally rise in everyone during adolescence，levels were highest in children who reported being tormented by bullies.Even at the ages of 1 9 and 2 1，children who had once been bullied had CRP levels about 1.4 times higher than peers who were neither perpetrators nor victims.In a cruel twist，the bullies had the lowest levels of all.suggesting they didn’t suffer the same health risks. They may even see a benefit from their behavior,though Copeland stresses it doesn’t vindicate(辯護(hù))their actions.“The goal would instead be to find other ways to produce this protective effect without it being at someone else’s expense，”he says.

　　Andrea Danese at King’s College London has previously shown that maltreatment during childhood can lead to higll levels of inflammation in adult life.“This new study is a helpful addition in showing that these effects extend to another important childhood stressor,”he says.He suggests that care workers could monitor levels of CRP in children having psychotherapy to see if it is helping to soothe the stress of being bullied.

　　56.What do you know about CRP?

　　A.It is a symbol of the inflammation.

　　B.It is a symbol of cardiovascular.

　　C. It relates directly to diabetes.

　　D.It is a symbol of physiological effects caused by bullying.

　　57.What does Copeland mean by saying“prior to their bullying involvement”(Line 2，Para.4)?

　　A.Before the children bullied others.

　　B.Before the children were bullied.

　　C.In preference to the children’s bullying behavior.

　　D.In preference to the children’s being bullied.

　　58.What can be learned from paragraph 5?

　　A. The levels of CRP of the children being bullied are much higher than their peers.

　　B. CRP levels naturally rise along with the increase of age.

　　C.The bullies are not blamed for the health risks of the bullied.

　　D. Copeland intends to defend the benefit of the bullies’actions.

　　59.What does Andrea Danese suggest about childhood maltreatment?

　　A. It has nothing to do with inflammation in adult life.

　　B.Copeland’s study shows nothing related to it.

　　C.CRP is the marker of childhood abuse.

　　D. It has an influence on Children’s CRP levels.

　　60.What is the main idea of this passage?

　　A.Bullying is harmless to children’s growth.

　　B.CRP levels reflect the risks of poorer health.

　　C.Bullying does harm to a person all through his life.

　　D.Children once bullied have higher CRP levels than peers who are not.

　　56.What do you know about CRP?關(guān)于CRP你知道些什么?

　　A.It is a symbol ofthe inflammation.它是炎癥的標(biāo)志物。

　　B.It is a symbol ofcardiovascular disease.它是心血管疾病的標(biāo)志物。

　　C.It relates directly to diabetes.它與糖尿病有著直接的關(guān)系。

　　D.It is a symbol ofphysiological effects caused by bullyin9.它是欺凌引起的生理效應(yīng)的標(biāo)志物。

　　57.What does Copeland mean by saying“prior to their bullying involvement”(Line 2，Para.4)?柯普蘭說的“他們受欺凌之前”是什么意思?

　　A.Before the children bullied others.在孩子欺負(fù)別人之前。

　　B.Before the children were bullied.在孩子受到欺負(fù)之前。

　　C.In preference to the children’s bullying behavior.優(yōu)先于孩子欺負(fù)別人。

　　D.In preference to the children’s being bullied.優(yōu)先于孩子受欺負(fù)。

　　58.What can be learned from paragraph 57從第五段可以知道什么?

　　A.The levels of CRP of the children being bullied are much higher than their peers.受欺負(fù)小孩的CRP.水平比他們的同齡人要高很多。

　　B.CRP levels naturally rise along with the increase of age.CRP水平隨著年齡的增長而自然上升。

　　C.The bullies are not blamed for the health risks ofthe bullied.惡霸不需為受欺負(fù)小孩的健康風(fēng)險負(fù)責(zé)。

　　D.Copeland intends to defend the benefit of the bullies’actions.柯普蘭旨在為惡霸的行為帶來的好處辯護(hù)。

　　59.What does Andrea Danese think about childhood maltreatment?安德烈•妲尼斯對兒童虐待有什么看法?

　　A.It has nothing to do with inflammation in adult life.這與成年生過的炎癥無關(guān)。

　　B.Copeland’s study shows nothing related to it.柯普蘭的研究與其并無關(guān)系。

　　C.CRP is the marker ofchildhood abuse.CRP是兒童虐待的標(biāo)志物。

　　D.It has an influence on Children’s CRP levels.它會影響兒童的CRP水平。

　　60.What is the main idea ofthis passage?本文主旨是什么?

　　A.Bullying is harmless to children’s growth.欺凌對兒童的成長沒有傷害。

　　B.CRP levels reflect the risks ofpoorer health.CRP水平反映了較差健康狀況的風(fēng)險。

　　C.Bullying does harm to a person all through his life.欺凌會對人的一生造成傷害。

　　D.Children once bullied have higher CRP levels than peers who are not.受欺負(fù)的孩子的CRP水平比沒有受到欺負(fù)的同齡人高。

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