這次四級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀考試出題上依舊遵循之前的基本原則：依照原文自然順序出題、多以考察細(xì)節(jié)信息的理解為主、喜歡考察轉(zhuǎn)折等重要邏輯現(xiàn)象處的信息、正確選項(xiàng)基本都是原文有明顯來源的改寫或是替換后的說法、錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)迷惑性不強(qiáng)。文章選自《洛杉磯時(shí)報(bào)》等歐美主流網(wǎng)站，話題與我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钸�是比較接近、不難看懂。文字難度與近兩年四級(jí)基本相近，但可以看出對(duì)考生的單詞掌握和閱讀長句的能力要求較高。不過若是之前系統(tǒng)準(zhǔn)備近些年四級(jí)閱讀的同學(xué)，對(duì)這次四級(jí)閱讀考試的文章應(yīng)不會(huì)感覺特別吃力。
下面我們對(duì)這次英語四級(jí)考試的幾篇典型的仔細(xì)閱讀進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的解析，供大家參考和體會(huì)。
Passage One
Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.
So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?
"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖癥)assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers.
"In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance -- like food -- of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems."
The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:
Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配)based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.
Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?
Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.
57. What does the author say about junk food?
A) People should be educated not to eat too much.
B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.
C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.
D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.
答案：B
【解析】披著細(xì)節(jié)題皮的推理題：關(guān)于垃圾食品作者說了啥?關(guān)鍵詞Junk food定位到第一段：Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway。垃圾食品滿天飛，吃來吃去太長肥。雖知其害仍不舍，要肥大家一起肥。B的意思是垃圾食品名聲雖惡還是被廣泛消費(fèi)，契合原文。另一條思路就是，yet和anyway體現(xiàn)的邏輯相反關(guān)系只有B能涵蓋了。
58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?
A) They should be implemented effectively.
B) They provide misleading information.
C) They are based on wrong assumptions.
D) They help people make rational choices.
答案：C
【解析】推理題：關(guān)于肥胖控制的很多政策，Rand研究者怎么看?這篇文章最難的一題。由畫線關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三、四段(都有Rr的發(fā)言，表觀點(diǎn))。
So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?" Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖癥)assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods 很多控制肥胖癥的政策都是假設(shè)人們能夠有意識(shí)且理性地選擇吃什么、怎么吃……【這句話本身無用】" note the two researchers.
"In contrast相反【邏輯線索出現(xiàn)】," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol 那些沒有假設(shè)人們會(huì)作出理智選擇的法規(guī)卻成功控酒, a substance -- like food -- of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems."
一個(gè)“相反”后的成功說明，很多控制肥胖癥的政策失敗，他們是要做出是負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)。C的意思正巧是，控肥政策是基于錯(cuò)誤假設(shè)。
59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?
A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.
B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.
C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.
D) Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.
答案：D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題：為何控酒政策制定者們要實(shí)行濃度限制?定位到第五段：
Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配)based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink. 濃度限購可使消費(fèi)者買酒不易，并減少喝酒的心理暗示。
換個(gè)角度，之所以這么做，就是因?yàn)橹啊叭菀踪I到酒的途徑導(dǎo)致了對(duì)酒的過度消費(fèi)”。
60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?
A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.
B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.
C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.
D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.
答案：D
【解析】推理題：加州在汽油站管控酒的展示是出于何目的?定位到最后一段。三句原則做題：
Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities.于是大部分地區(qū)你在駕車通過的設(shè)施里買不到酒啦 At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.
所以，正確答案為“把酒放在司機(jī)們的視線之外”。
61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?
A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.
B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.
C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.
D. Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means
答案：C.
【解析】從題干可發(fā)現(xiàn)，是道變形的主旨題：Rand研究者們對(duì)于垃圾食品管控的總體準(zhǔn)則是什么?
不管是找主旨句，還是當(dāng)細(xì)節(jié)題做，都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵詞Rand researchers首次出現(xiàn)在第二段第一句： So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed? Rand公司的研究人員建議：為啥不借鑒控酒政策并運(yùn)用到食品展示和售賣區(qū)?——這就是全文主旨。
所以，正確答案為“從控酒措施借鑒想法”。
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