新東方：英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試閱讀30天學(xué)習(xí)筆記

　　注：應(yīng)用題

　　13. If a child is bitten or startled several times by a dog, he may learn to associate furry animals with pain or startle and thus develop a fear of furry animals. This is a typical example of learning

　　through ____.

　　A) classical conditioning B) operant conditioning

　　C) both of them D) neither of them

　　注：應(yīng)用題， furry 有毛的

　　14. In the third paragraph, the author is ____.

　　A) discussing how we grow and have new experiences every day

　　B) talking about learning to modify emotions through operant conditioning

　　C) concentrating on learning by reading, watching television, interacting with people, and so on

　　D) using examples to further illustrate learning through classical conditioning

　　注：主題題，末端首句也是結(jié)論句

　　Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with some people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.

　　15. In the following paragraphs the author will most probably go on to discuss _____.

　　A) definitions of positive feelings and negative feelings

　　B) the third kind of learning

　　C) further examples of learning through operant conditioning

　　D) none of the above

　　注：第一段講classical conditioning，第二段講operant conditioning，第三段講classical conditioning，第四段應(yīng)該講operant conditioning。

　　●考文章之前或之后內(nèi)容的題目，注意文章結(jié)構(gòu)的對(duì)稱完整性

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

　　26. According to the author, babies learn to do things which ________.

　　A) are directly related to pleasure

　　B) will meet their physical needs

　　C) will bring them a feeling of success

　　D) will satisfy their curiosity

　　27. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby ________.

　　A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk

　　B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink

　　C) would continue the simple movements without being given milk

　　D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink