教你寫作文：四六級(jí)作文的開(kāi)頭、正文、結(jié)尾

　　這篇文章的第一段引出了文章的主題，第二、第三和第四段則是文章的正文，每—段的第一句即是段落的主題句，它們既支持了文章中心的觀點(diǎn)和思想，同時(shí)又概括了全段的意思。在同一段落中，其余的句子都圍繞主題句所表示的中心展開(kāi)，同時(shí)句子間的銜結(jié)也很自然；各層的意思都很連貫。

　　分段是文章組織上重要的一步，但如果寫的題目范圍很小，那就無(wú)須再將題目分成小的主題，并分入各個(gè)段落去闡述了。像一篇簡(jiǎn)短的評(píng)論；某一事情的簡(jiǎn)短記載，某一個(gè)想法的說(shuō)明，對(duì)一個(gè)人物或一件事情的簡(jiǎn)要敘述或說(shuō)明等，就可以只用一個(gè)段落來(lái)表現(xiàn)主題。

　　在記敘文中，段的結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可以很簡(jiǎn)單，不需要有主題句，敘事一氣呵成，中途沒(méi)有停頓。段與段之所以分開(kāi)，只是為了起修辭作用，以便把某一細(xì)節(jié)置于顯著的地位。

　　某些測(cè)試用的表達(dá)題，在題目中就已經(jīng)說(shuō)明只需要根據(jù)。所給的提示寫一個(gè)段落，而不是一篇文章。對(duì)于這一類的寫作試題，就可以予以簡(jiǎn)潔的處理，并不是非要擴(kuò)充成一篇有頭有尾的完整文章。

　　下面這篇題為“Weekend Homework”(談周末作業(yè))的短文，就是用一個(gè)段落來(lái)論述問(wèn)題和表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的。

　　Usally Saturday night is the time for students to get back to their desks and do their weekend homework. Six school days are enough for the students who have many other interests. I think weekend homework should not be given. With homework arranged for Saturday night and the whole of Sunday, when can he find time to help around the house, play a game of football or see a good film, or just relax? In fact weekend homework is usually put off until Sunday night. As a result our homework is done very poorly and we achive no results. If there were no homework on weekends, students would go to school on Monday well rested, willing to work. Teachers, don't you agree?

英語(yǔ)作文的文章的結(jié)尾

　　文章結(jié)尾的作用是概括全文內(nèi)容，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意義表達(dá)得更加深刻。

文章結(jié)尾的形式也是多種多樣的，常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種：

1．首尾呼應(yīng)，畫龍點(diǎn)睛
在文章的結(jié)尾，把含義較深的話放在末尾，以點(diǎn)明主題，深化主題，起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的效果。如"I Cannot Forget Her" (我忘不了她)的結(jié)尾：

After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.

2．重復(fù)主題句
結(jié)尾回到文章開(kāi)頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我愛(ài)家鄉(xiāng))的結(jié)尾：

I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.

3. 自然結(jié)尾
隨著文章的結(jié)束，文章自然而然地結(jié)尾。如“Fishing”(釣魚)的結(jié)尾：

I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.

4．含蓄性的結(jié)尾

用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點(diǎn)明作者的看法，而是讓讀者自己去領(lǐng)會(huì)和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的結(jié)尾：

Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.

5．用反問(wèn)結(jié)尾

雖然形式是問(wèn)句，但意義卻是肯定的，并具有特別的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，引起讀者深思。如 "Should We Learn to Do Housework?" (我們要不要學(xué)做家務(wù)?) 的結(jié)尾。

Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree, boys and girls?

6．指明方向，激勵(lì)讀者
結(jié)尾表示對(duì)將來(lái)的展望，或期待讀者投入行動(dòng)。如“Let's Go in for Sports”(讓我們參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng))的結(jié)尾：
As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports.

文章的結(jié)尾沒(méi)有一定的模式，可以根據(jù)表達(dá)主題的需要靈活創(chuàng)造。一般的習(xí)慣是，一些記敘文和描寫文經(jīng)常采用自然結(jié)尾的方法；但說(shuō)理性和邏輯性較強(qiáng)的說(shuō)明文和議論文則往往都有結(jié)束語(yǔ)，以便使文章首尾呼應(yīng)，結(jié)構(gòu)完整。