4.下面重點(diǎn)介紹一些聽(tīng)力中常見(jiàn)的疑難句式,下面具體介紹以下幾種類型:
(a)、形肯定意否定的句型(分別介紹六類):
1、I'd like to/I 'd love to,but...。表否定,重點(diǎn)放在but后面。如:
—The students' English club is having a party on Saturday night.Can you come?
—I would like to,but I work at a restaurant on weekends.(1990年1月)
2、使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。在很多四級(jí)聽(tīng)力考試試題當(dāng)中,經(jīng)常采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,這些句子形式上是肯定的,但往往表達(dá)一種“本應(yīng)該,本可以(卻沒(méi)有),希望”的情緒,放在一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中表否定。而這一點(diǎn)也是考生常忽略的,要特別注意。如:
—If the traffic wasn't so bad,I could have been home by 6:00.
—What a pity!John was here to see you.(1990年1月)(意思是如果早到家的話,就可以見(jiàn)到約翰了,但是事實(shí)是因?yàn)榻煌ǘ氯,沒(méi)能及時(shí)回家)
3、I'm sorry,...。這種句型是委婉的否定,其后一般接原因。如:
—Hello,may I speak to John Smith, please?
—I'm sorry,nobody by that name works here.(1990年1月)(意思是說(shuō)沒(méi)有叫約翰·史密斯的人)
4、由形容詞last構(gòu)成的特殊句型。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的字面意思是“……是最后一個(gè)”,但真正的意思是“……是最不可能的”。如:
—Would you like to go mountain climbing with us?
—That's the last thing in the world I want to do.(字面意思是爬山是這世界上我最后想做的事,反過(guò)來(lái)講就是根本不想去爬山)
5、anything but句型。此句型在四級(jí)考試中語(yǔ)法與結(jié)構(gòu)部分考過(guò),如果出現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)力理解部分,應(yīng)該來(lái)說(shuō)比較難,但是如果我們掌握了它的基本意思“除……以外的任何事物”或“根本不”,并在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中多加小心的話,還是可以做對(duì)的。如:
—Everyone is helping out with dinner. Could you make the soup?
—Anything but that.(意思是我不可能做湯)
6、由一些特殊短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的句型。這種短語(yǔ)很多,因此就需要學(xué)生平時(shí)不斷地積累,這里舉兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)為例:
—You're not much of a rock and roll fan, are you?
—It's far from being my favorite kind of music,that's for sure.(這里的be far from短語(yǔ)意思是“遠(yuǎn)非”,可理解為“這根本不是我所喜歡的音樂(lè)”)
。╞)、形否定意肯定的句型(分別介紹六類):
1、Why don't you/Why not...?這種句型相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較簡(jiǎn)單,意思是“為什么不呢?”,但我們還是應(yīng)該注意它真正表達(dá)的是一個(gè)肯定概念,即“建議做某事”。如:
— John,I don't know what to get for your father.He has just about everything,doesn't he?
— Do you have any suggestions?
—Why don't you get him a pocket calculator?(1990年6月)
2、Do you mind...?問(wèn)句的回答用No, of course not.或者Not at all.。雖然字面上是否定的,
而且也理解為“不介意”,但考慮到具體的語(yǔ)境,通常都應(yīng)理解為肯定的,意思是對(duì)方可以做其想做的。
如:
—Do you mind if I borrow your note?
—No,of course not.They are on my desk.(1994年1月)(從側(cè)面講可以使用)
3、not...until...句型。此句型一般都應(yīng)理解為“直到……才”,因此是肯定的。如:
—When can the doctor see me?
—He won't be free until tomorrow.(1995年1月)(意思是直到明天才能見(jiàn)你)
4、not...more/better構(gòu)成的特殊句型。
此句型意思是不可能有比這樣更好的情況發(fā)生了,反過(guò)來(lái)講就是指這樣很好,說(shuō)者對(duì)此表示贊許,所以此句型仍然表示的是肯定意思。如:
—I think it's high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now.
—I can't agree with you more.You see countless innocent people are killed by drunk drivers each year.(1997年6月)(意思是說(shuō)后者非常同意第一人的觀點(diǎn))
5、Without a doubt;Don't mention it;No problem等作為回答的否定句型。這些我們常用的作為回答的句型,其實(shí)在語(yǔ)境中通常是用作肯定的回答,意思是“沒(méi)問(wèn)題”,肯定是這樣的。如:
—Do you think we have to review the chapter of Industrial Revolution?
—Without a doubt,it will be on the exam.
6、由一些除not和never之外的否定詞如hardly,seldom ,scarcely,rarely等構(gòu)成的句型。這種句型其實(shí)本身就應(yīng)歸結(jié)為否定句,但在此將其放到這里是想強(qiáng)調(diào)這些句子如果出現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)力理解當(dāng)中,學(xué)生經(jīng)常容易疏忽這些詞的否定意思,因此需特別留意。如:
—What a surprise!Tim has improved his English so much after a holiday abroad.
—I can hardly hear an accent.(意思是幾乎聽(tīng)不出有任何地方口音)