2010年12月英語四六級考試必備詞匯辨析(1)

　　indict 具體用法見練習3、4、5句 ________________________________________1.The soldier was accused of running away when the enemy attacked.這個士兵被指控為臨陣逃脫.

　　2. He charged me with negligence of duty.他指控我玩忽職守.

　　3.The police indicted him as a rioter.警察指控他為擾亂治安者.(indict sb. as…指控某人為…)

　　4.His company indicted him for sabotage他公司告發(fā)他的破壞行為.(indict sb for sth.告發(fā)某人…)

　　5.He was indicted on a charge of murder.他因犯殺人罪被起訴.(sb. be indicted on a charge of …因犯…被告發(fā))

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　　achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain都含有一定的"獲得,達到"之意

　　achieve 強調(diào)由于極大的努力,克服困難后達到目標

　　acquire 指經(jīng)過不懈努力才獲得的技術,知識等抽象的東西,也指養(yǎng)成習慣等

　　attain 正式用語,指經(jīng)過艱苦努力才使人達到完美境地

　　gain 指需要做出比obtain更大的努力,往往指通過競爭獲得某些有價值的東西

　　obtain 指經(jīng)過努力或付出代價或經(jīng)過很長時間兒得到所需要的東西 ________________________________________1.After so many years of hard work,he finally achieved success.經(jīng)過這么多年努力,他終于獲得了成功.

　　2.She has acquired some very unpleasant habits recently.她最近養(yǎng)成了一些不良的習慣.

　　3.In typhoon,winds attain a speed greater than 120 km per hour.發(fā)生臺風時,風速每小時高達120公里.

　　4.In the second experiment they obtained a very clear result.在第二次試驗中他們的到了一個非常清楚的結果.

　　5.No gains without pains.不勞則無獲.

　　6.She acquired a good knowledge of English from Mr. Chen's lectures.他從陳教授的講座中學到很多英語知識.

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　　acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,recognize都含有一定的"承認"之意

　　acknowledge 著重”公開承認”,常用來指過去曾隱瞞或否認的事

　　admit 是指在壓力下不得不承認已經(jīng)證實或難以否認的事實,供認(事實,錯誤等)

　　concede (不情愿地)承認,(在結果確定前)承認失敗

　　confess 著重承認自己的過錯或罪惡

　　recognize 指正式承認主權、權利等 ________________________________________1.He concededthat the statement was true in an argument.他在辯論中承認對方的說法是正確的.(有點不情愿的承認)

　　2.She acknowledged having been at fault.他承認自己曾犯過錯誤.

　　3.The new law was generally admitted to be difficult to enforce.大家普遍認為,新的法律很難實施.(admit后面可跟名詞或動名詞作賓語,不根不定式作賓語,但可接不定式作賓補.此句中admit為被動結構,所以用to be difficult to enforce作主語補語.)

　　4.Although they had suffered heavy losses,they refused to concede defeat.雖然他們已遭受慘重損失,但還是不肯認輸.

　　5.Finally he has to confess himself guilty.最終他不得不認罪.(confess oneself認罪)

　　6.Mr.Zhang was recognized as the legitimate representative of the company.張先生背城認為公司的合法代表. ________________________________________

　　affirm，assert，allege，claim都含有一定的"宣稱，斷言"之意

　　affirm 斷言,肯定,指根據(jù)事實堅定不移地宣稱,有無可爭辯之意

　　assert 宣稱,堅持,指不管事實如何,主觀自信地宣稱

　　allege 宣稱,斷定,指在無真實憑據(jù)情況下宣稱,硬說

　　claim 聲稱,主張,往往表示說話者反對或不同意某一觀點 ________________________________________1.Politicians more often affirm their desire for retirement than show that they really mean it.政治家經(jīng)常聲稱他們想退休,但未必是真的.

　　2.The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighbourhood.嫌疑犯生成案發(fā)時他并不在現(xiàn)場.

　　3.He asserted his belief that she was innocent.他堅持自己的想法,她是無辜的.

　　4.He asserted that this could be done..他宣稱這是可行的.

　　5.Don't claim to know what you don't know.不要強不知以為知. ________________________________________

　　alarm,dread,fear,fright,horror,panic,terror都含有一定的"驚恐"之意

　　alarm 驚恐,憂慮,指突然遇到危險產(chǎn)生的緊張,害怕,驚慌失措的心理狀態(tài),也可指一般的擔心憂慮 (take/feel alarm at…因…而驚恐)

　　dread 擔憂,懼怕,多指因預料有危險和不愉快的事面臨而產(chǎn)生的不安心情,比fear更為強烈的恐懼

　　fear 表示恐懼最普通的用語,指遇到危險或災難內(nèi)心感到不安或發(fā)慌

　　fright 指突然的驚恐

　　horror 令人毛骨悚然,使人極其厭惡的恐怖(常用于強調(diào)表現(xiàn)出恐怖的現(xiàn)象或行為,而不強調(diào)引起恐怖的原因)

　　panic 恐慌(指吃驚以后隨之而來的不知所措,神經(jīng)幾乎失控的狀態(tài))

　　terror 恐怖(指個人安全受到嚴重威脅時所產(chǎn)生的巨大恐懼及驚駭) ________________________________________1.There is nothing to get alarmed about.沒什么可大驚小怪的.

　　2.She had always been in dread of meeting with an accident.他總是擔心遇上意外事故.

　　3.Our cat fears dogs.我們家的貓怕狗.

　　4.I don't frighten easily.我不會輕易受驚的.

　　5.They watch with horror as the tightrope walker struggled to remain his balance.他們心驚肉跳得看著走鋼絲繩的演員搖搖晃晃地在恢復平衡.

　　6.All the residents of the town panicked when there was a big fire in the supermarket.超市的一場大火震驚了全鎮(zhèn)居民.(panic的過去式為panicked)

　　7.She was terrified out of her senses.她嚇得魂不附體. ________________________________________

　　alter,change,convert,modify,shift,transform,vary都含有一定的"改變"之意

　　alter 改變,變更,指衣服等表面或局部做部分變動,而沒有變成另一種事物

　　change 改變,變更,指位置,性質(zhì),外表,形式或是數(shù)量與質(zhì)量等改變.常與into連用.

　　convert 使轉(zhuǎn)變,變化,一般只表示事物的外表及用途等方面發(fā)生的次要變化,而不是本質(zhì)上的巨大變化,也可用于改變某人的政治觀點、信仰.這個詞義是其他詞所沒有的

　　modify 修改,變更,較正式,常用以表示意見,計劃或形式,質(zhì)量方面不大的變化

　　shift 指位置或方向的移動,改變

　　transform 指外形或面貌的改變,徹底改變性格,性質(zhì)等

　　vary 改變,不同,有區(qū)別,變化 ________________________________________1.If your coat is too long,the tailor can alter it to fit you.如果你的衣服太大,裁縫會給你改的合身.

　　2.Greatchanges have taken place since he left.他走后變化很大.

　　3 He used to be a Christian,but he is now.converted to Buddhism.他過去是一個基督教徒,現(xiàn)在改信佛教.

　　4.Prices that vary with the quality.價格隨質(zhì)量不同而變化.(vary with…隨…而變化)

　　5.The wind has shifted from north to south.風向從北轉(zhuǎn)到了南.

　　6.Many military factories have been transformed into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.為了適應國情的需要,我們把很多軍用工廠改成了民用工廠.

　　7.The inventormodified his original design in order to increase the machine’s efficiency.發(fā)明者改變原來的設計目的是提高機器的效率. _______________________________________