一、代詞
代詞中主要講解六個問題
(一) 掌握代詞的幾種格
主格、賓格、所有格
名詞前面用代詞來修飾,只能用所有格(my books)
(二) 反身代詞
當(dāng)主語和賓語表示同一事物時,賓語使用反身代詞。
He killed himself. (他自殺了)
He killed him. (他殺了他)
例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating a series of indicators that could help themselves to predict earthquakes.
分觶篋錯,應(yīng)改為them。如果用反身代詞themselves,指代對象是從句主語that(即名詞indicators),這顯然是錯誤的。從句意來看,help的賓語應(yīng)該是主句主語researchers,故應(yīng)用代詞賓格而不是反身代詞。注意C并沒有錯,情態(tài)動詞could 比can語氣弱,表示較小的可能性。
Indicator為征兆,這些征兆幫助他們來預(yù)言地震。主語是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一個事物
(三) 代詞的單復(fù)數(shù),代詞的性別
在考試中如果代詞打橫線,代詞錯誤的概率是非常高的,因此代詞打橫線,應(yīng)該先看代詞有沒有錯。
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the Pacific.
分析:D錯,應(yīng)改為those。D指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞waters, it是單數(shù),顯然是錯誤的,根據(jù)習(xí)慣故改為those。注意waters一詞并沒有錯,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Water作為水是不可數(shù)名詞,waters表示水域,通常使用復(fù)數(shù)形式,作主語謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Work作為工作是不可數(shù)名詞,work作為作品,可數(shù)不可數(shù)都可以,例如:
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品
例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined the word “normalcy” to express social and economic conditions they promised the nation.
分析:D錯,應(yīng)改為he。動作promised是由Warren Harding發(fā)出來的,故用第三人稱單數(shù)he來指代。
例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important work is not poetry, but his biography, John Keats, published the year of her death.
分析:C錯,應(yīng)改為her。his指男性,顯然是錯誤的,應(yīng)改為her與后面的her同指Amy Lowell.
(四) Who和which的區(qū)別
which指代事物或者動物,who指代人
who/whom son往往要改為whose son, whose可以指代事物
例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who
account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.
分析:B錯,應(yīng)改為which或that。先行詞不是指人,而是指物,關(guān)系代詞不能用who,故改為which或that。
人體前面加定冠詞the, account for 占有多大的比例,解釋說明
(五) that和which的區(qū)別
介詞后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外
例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it would affect society could not have been foreseen.
分析:B錯,應(yīng)改為which。The extent to which, 介詞加which(引導(dǎo)定語從句),影響社會的程度沒有被預(yù)見
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