在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中，針對(duì)詞義辨析而設(shè)計(jì)的題目占據(jù)了不小的比重。
為了引起廣大讀者注意，本文從歷屆考題中選出一些涉及形近詞辨異的題目并試析如下。本文只選取了一部分英語(yǔ)四級(jí)形近詞的進(jìn)行辨異，大家看完本文可以自己動(dòng)手進(jìn)行總結(jié)，這樣對(duì)你們會(huì)非常大有好處的，不過(guò)這樣做的前提條件是你有充足的時(shí)間。
1.
acquire 獲得。如：She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
inquire 詢問(wèn)，查詢。常用的搭配有inquire sth. of sb. 詢問(wèn)；inquire about/upon 查問(wèn)；inquire after (one's health) 問(wèn)候；inquire into 調(diào)查。如：He inquired of all that were present.
request 請(qǐng)求；要求。如：Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
require 需要；要求。如：We require extra help.
(注：四個(gè)詞中只有inquire 可用作及物動(dòng)詞)
If you want to know the train schedule, please at the booking office. (95.1)
A) acquire B) inquire C) request D) require
譯文：如果你想了解列車(chē)時(shí)刻表，請(qǐng)咨詢售票處。答案是B。
2.
affect 影響，感動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于influence。如；The climate affected his health.
effect 產(chǎn)生，引起，用作名詞時(shí)表示效果、效應(yīng)。如：The war effected changes all over the world.
Once out of the earth’s gravity, the astronaut is by the problem of weightlessness. (94.1)
A) affected B) effected C) inclined D) related
譯文：一旦擺脫了地球的引力，宇航員就被失重問(wèn)題所困擾。答案是A。
3.
arise 產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)。如：Before they went out, a mist arose.
rise 上升。如：The sun rises in the east.
raise 舉起，升起，提出。如：A sunken ship was raised to the surface of the sea.
arouse 喚醒，引起，激起。如：His behavior aroused suspicion.
(注：四個(gè)詞中，arise與rise為不及物動(dòng)詞)
A completely new situation will when the examination system comes into existence. (95.6)
A) arise B) rise C) raise D) arouse
譯文：這種考試制度一旦出現(xiàn)，將會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)嶄新的局面。答案是A。
Our hopes and fell in the same instant. (01.6)
A) arose B) raised C) rose D) aroused
譯文：一瞬間我們的希望升起又落下了。答案是C。
4.
emergency 緊急情況，不測(cè)事件。如：How will the disabled escape in an emergency?
urgency 緊迫性，緊要程度，催逼。如：There is no urgency about this matter.
A fire engine must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of .(02.12)
A) precaution B) crisis C) emergency D) urgency
譯文：救火車(chē)必須有優(yōu)先權(quán)，因?yàn)樗话阋獙?duì)付某種緊急情況。答案是C。
5.
extensive 廣博的，廣泛的。如：He is a scholar with an extensive knowledge of his subject.
expansive 可擴(kuò)大的，可擴(kuò)展的。如：These are expansive materials.
intensive 強(qiáng)烈的，精深的，密集的。如：They made an intensive study of the subject.
expensive 費(fèi)用大的，昂貴的。如：The car is too expensive to buy.
It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and knowledge. (96.1)
A) extensive B) expansive C) intensive D) expensive
譯文：一個(gè)合格的教師必須具有良好的舉止和廣博的知識(shí)。答案是A。
6.
fee (職業(yè)性的咨詢或服務(wù)所收)費(fèi)用，報(bào)名費(fèi)，會(huì)費(fèi)。如：doctor’s fees/a membership fee
fare (車(chē)、船等)費(fèi)用，購(gòu)票所需費(fèi)用。如：Train fares are going up again.
Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if only the charged on public transport were more reasonable. (02.12)
A) fees B) fares C) payments D) costs
譯文：只要公共交通的收費(fèi)更合理一些，城市的擁塞情況就可大大緩解。答案是B。
7.
fluid 流體，流動(dòng)的。如：The political situation was fluid then.
fluent 流暢的，流利的。如：He studied abroad for five years and spoke fluent English.
flowing 流動(dòng)的，飄垂的。如：She has long hair flowing down her back.
Though he was born and brought up in America, he can speak Chinese. (01.6)
A) fluid B) smooth C) fluent D) flowing
譯文：雖然他生在美國(guó)，長(zhǎng)在美國(guó)，卻能講流利的漢語(yǔ)。答案是C。
8.
live 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的，有生命的。如：The concert will be broadcast live tomorrow. Live fish
lively 有生氣的，鮮明的，生動(dòng)的。如：She is as lively as a bird .
alive 活的，有效力的，活動(dòng)的。如：He is the greatest man alive. be alive with (因……而活沃)
living 活著的，逼真的，強(qiáng)烈的。如：She is the living image of her grandma.
The football game comes to you from New York. (02.1)
A) live B) lively C) alive D) living
譯文：你收看的（美式）足球比賽是從紐約現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的。答案是A。
9.
preserve 保護(hù)，保藏，維持。如：Deep freezing is a good way to preserve food.
reserve 儲(chǔ)備，預(yù)定，留作專(zhuān)用。如：I reserved three rooms at the hotel.
retain 保持，保留，雇用。如：She retains a good memory of her childhood.
sustain 支撐，維持，蒙受。如：The light shelf won’t sustain all these books.
We’d like to a table for five for dinner this evening. (02.6)
A) preserve B) reserve C) retain D) sustain
譯文：我們想預(yù)定一張今晚五人用餐的餐桌。答案是B。
10.
symbol 符號(hào)，象征。如：Red is a symbol of danger.
sign 記號(hào)，告示，跡象。如：There are signs of sorrow on her face.
signal 信號(hào)，訊號(hào)。如：The ship is sending out signals for help.
symptom 癥狀，表征。如：A persistent cough may be a symptom of pneumonia.
Many people like white color as it is a of purity. (02.6)
A) symbol B) sign C) signal D) symptom
譯文：許多人喜歡白色，因?yàn)樗笳骷儩崱４鸢甘茿。
11.
valid 有效的，有充分根據(jù)的。如：The contract is valid for six months.
vain 無(wú)益的，徒然的，自負(fù)的。如：She made a vain attempt to persuade him to come
back.
vacant 空的，未被占用的，空虛的。如：He applied for a vacant position.
vague 不清楚的，含糊的，茫然的。如：I haven’t the vaguest idea of what they want.
The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that lot. (02.6)
A) valid B) vain C) vacant D) vague
譯文：附近的男孩愛(ài)到那塊空地上打籃球。答案是C。
