王長喜大學英語考試四級大課堂（十五講）

三、四六級作文的謀篇布局

　　謀篇布局(1)

- 將提示的第一句作為文章的第一句
- 將提示的第三句作為第一段的最后一句
- 將提示的第二句展開成文章的中心段落
- 結(jié)論段歸納概括，提出建議。

　　例證
　　標題：City Life and Suburban Life
　　提綱：1) 最近幾年越來越多的人遷往近郊居住
　　　　　2）城市生活和近郊生活各有特點
　　　　　3） 比較起來，我喜歡的是……

　　In recent years more and more homes are being pushed outwards as the activities of business, government and pleasure tend to be concentrated in the centers of the cities. Although most people are reluctant to move to the outskirts of the cities, I feel like living in the suburbs.

　　It is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason why people can't bear to part with city life. But the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high. What's more, there is more gas and noise pollution in the city, which is full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the roar of buses and taxies, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. In contrast, living near the countryside one can enjoy the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the quiet, peaceful surroundings --- the essentials of a healthy life. Although living in the suburbs one may suffer a little discomfort brought about by the necessity of traveling miles to work every day, it means nearly nothing when thinking of the high cost and heavily polluted environment of the city.

　　The new suburban life is fast becoming a predominant pattern of living in most cities; and with the improvement of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life.

　　謀篇布局（2）

- 根據(jù)話題加引段，于段尾提出自己的觀點（也就是提示中的第三句要求內(nèi)容）
- 將提示的第一句和第二句寫成文章的中心段落
- 根據(jù)文章的敘述重點，總結(jié)全文，提出方法等。

　　例證

　　標題： My View on College Students' Part-time Jobs
　　提綱：1）有人認為大學生做兼職工作很有好處；
　　　　　2）然而，有人認為大學生做兼職工作弊多利少；
　　　　　3）我的看法

　　Nowadays, an increasing number of college students are doing part-time jobs. People hold different opinions on that.

　　Some people think that there are many advantages for college students to have part-time jobs. Firstly, part-time jobs offer them opportunities to apply what they have learned in school and demonstrate their abilities. Secondly, it enables them to be more independent of their family and builds up their self-confidence. Thirdly, part-time experiences may be of great help to their future careers. Finally, part-time jobs can broaden their college lives and help them know more of themselves and society.

　　However, some other people hold that doing part-time jobs has more disadvantages. The main job of college students is to study, not to work. If they have part-time jobs, they may have to reduce their time for sleep, rest, study and activities. Working several hours a day consumes a lot of time and energy and may affect their studies. As a result, they may find it hard to adjust to what the college expects of them as well as their employers expect, and finally, they may fall behind or fail in their studies.

　　In my opinion, students can choose to take up a part-time job according to their own situation. The most important thing for them is to keep a good balance between part-time jobs and his study.

　　謀篇布局（3）

- 將提示的第一句和第二句合為第一段，于段尾提出自己的觀點；
- 說明自己的理由；
- 結(jié)論段總結(jié)全文

　　例文

　　標題：How to Achieve Success
　　提綱：1）有人說成功主要靠運氣；
　　　　　2）有人則認為成功主要靠勤奮，與運氣毫無關系;
　　　　　3）我的觀點

　　Some people say the key to success is the luck, while others claim it is hard work. As far as I am concerned, there are many factors contributing to success and the three fundamental ones are diligence, devotion and perseverance.

　　Diligence is the first key factor to success. Diligence helps us remove ignorance, overcome difficulties, and enlighten our minds. It makes a fool wise, and a poor man rich. Devotion is another factor to success. Whatever we do, we must love it and do it whole-heartedly. Only when we set our minds on the job, can we do it well. Furthermore, perseverance, or a strong will, is the last key to success. Without a strong will, we are likely to give up when we meet some difficulties, let alone perform wonderful deeds.

　　To conclude, all great men achieve success through diligence, devotion and
perseverance. Just as the famous saying goes, "No pains, no gains", "Where there is a will, there is a way."

　　謀篇布局（4）

　　將提示中的第一句做為第一段主題句，然后拓展開
　　將提示的第二句做為第二段的主題句，拓展說明
　　將提示的第三句拓展成第三段，但注意與上面兩段的照應，使其有總攬全文的作用

　　例文

　　標題：On Housing Reform
　　提示：1）舊房屋政策的弊端；
　　　　　2）房改帶來的好處；
　　　　　3）我怎么辦？

　　The old house-allotting policy had at least two disadvantages. First, the government spent a lot of money building some houses, but these houses were allotted to people free of charge. Thus, the government would have no money to build more houses for people who badly needed them. Second, the persons who were in power could get more houses than those who were powerless. This was quite unfair.

　　On the contrary, the new system of house allotment may bring about many new things. For example, the government will have more money which can be used in house construction. So, the housing industry can develop more quickly. Besides, because houses will be sold to people, the chances they get will be equal.

　　When I enter the society, I would get a loan from the bank to buy my own house. Then, I would try to pay back the loan in the shortest time possible. After that, I would proudly claim: "Now, I am the master of that house."

　　謀篇布局（5）

　　將提示中的第一句作為文章的第一段，并提主題；
　　舉例說明自己的觀點；
　　結(jié)論重述主題

　　例文

　　標題：On Punctuality
　　提示：
　　1） 準時在現(xiàn)代生活中仍然很重要；
　　2） 試舉例說明

　　In our modern life, punctuality is one of the most important qualities that any person should possess. Punctuality demonstrates that you are reliable and can be trusted with responsibilities. Besides, it can make a person a good man. And if you are not punctual, you may injure others.

      We should practice punctuality for the sake of others, as well as ourselves. He who is punctual will accomplish far more in a day than he who is not so. Washington was remarkable for this virtue. His mother had taught him, when a boy, or have certain hours for every employment, and to do everything at the appointed time. This habit helped, in his later life, to make him a good man. Without it, he could never have made such success.
　　Neglect of punctuality may injure both to others and to oneself. An applicant may be turned away just for the sake of being late for the interview. Students coming late for class will undoubtedly interrupt the teacher. Therefore, we ought never to say "It is only once --- I will not do so again" to excuse ourselves; otherwise we will be tardier and we will fail in our society.

　　In a word, if we form the habit of punctuality at school, it will be of great advantage to us in our future life.