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　　That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.

　　Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, the team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.

　　Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鳴聲) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.

　　46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?

　　A) To what extent it can trouble people.

　　B) What role it has played in evolution

　　C) What circumstances may trigger it.

　　D) In what way it can be beneficial.

　　47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?

　　A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.

　　B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.

　　C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.

　　D) She conducted studies on birds’and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.

　　48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?

　　A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.

　　B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.

　　C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.

　　D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.

　　49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?

　　A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.

　　B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.

　　C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.

　　D) She compared the responses of different participants.

　　50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?

　　A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.

　　B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.

　　C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.

　　D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.

　　首先祝賀今天參加四級考試的同學們，終于結束了半天的考試�？偟膩碚f，今年的閱讀難度和以往相比有了一些提高，長難句出現(xiàn)的頻率也比過去變多。這也再次說明了一個問題，同學們在準備四級考試時，不光要學習做題方法，更要加強自己基本功的訓練，詞匯和語法兩手都要抓。接下來，新東方在線四六級教研組將會選取今年的一篇仔細閱讀進行分析。

　　這篇文章的主題和睡眠環(huán)境有關，選自2016年的《經(jīng)濟學人》雜志。文章在第一段第一句說“That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first night” effect.”(在一個陌生的環(huán)境里，人們睡在陌生的床上通常會無法入眠，心理學家們將這種現(xiàn)象稱之為“初夜”效應。)接下來的內(nèi)容都是圍繞著睡眠環(huán)境和研究者的調(diào)查內(nèi)容與結論展開。

　　今年的五道題都屬于細節(jié)題。同學們在做題前，先要把題干當中的關鍵詞畫出來，包括兩種類型：1. 專有名詞(人名，地名等)，數(shù)字;2. 名詞(of短語)，動詞和形容詞(輔助)。46題問“What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?”，關鍵詞為“researcher，puzzling，first-night effect”。第二步，找到定位句，即，關鍵詞出現(xiàn)的位置。該題定位句是第二段第二句“The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day.”再次強調(diào)，四級閱讀的答案優(yōu)先在定位句里找，如果某個選項和定位句相關，可先視為備選答案，如果仔細對比，發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容不一致再看其他選項。選項D“In what way it can be beneficial”里beneficial對應定位句的benefit，兩個句子結構一致，即為正確答案。再來看其它選項，A“To what extent it can trouble people”(給人們帶來多大程度的麻煩)，定位句沒有談麻煩而是好處(benefit)，故排出。B“What role it has played in evolution”(在演變過程中扮演什么角色。) 未提及，故排除。C“What circumstances may trigger it”(什么樣的環(huán)境會引發(fā)此事。)，也未提及。所以這道題答案是D。

　　再來看49題“What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?”。關鍵詞是“Dr. Sasaki，re-running, experiment”。該題定位句是最后一段“Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鳴聲) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night.”。這句話提到Sasaki博士重新進行了一次實驗，他讓睡眠中的參加者聽了兩種聲音，分別是“mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鳴聲) of the same tone”(定時響起音調(diào)不變的嘀聲)和“irregular beeps of a different tone”(隨機響起音調(diào)各異的嘀聲)。所以答案應該是C“ She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.“(她讓參加者接觸兩種不同的刺激聲音)，該選項把原文進行同義改寫。A選項分析消極影響(analyzed the negative effect)和原文信息不符。B選項“記錄參加者對不同環(huán)境的適應(adaptation to changed environment)”原文并未提及。D選項“比較不同參加者的反應(compared the responses of different participants)”，原文并未提及反應，所以被排除。故該題答案是C。

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