2013年12月英語四六級真題及答案解析專題※ 真題及答案交流
1) Good habits result from resisting temptation.
2) A smile is the shortest distance between two people.
3) Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed.
好家伙:一次考試,三道寫作題!并且,三道題都是清一色的形而上!這在以往考試中都是從未有過。
英語六級往年總共寫作試題幾十道,兩千年以后寫作題也有三十道。從題材來分不外兩種:教育和生活;從體裁分也主要有兩種:問題解決型和對立觀點型。就算近年出現(xiàn)一些新的形式(如圖畫作文),其實除了第一段需要對圖畫作簡單交代,其余的寫法沒有任何不同。因為文章要討論的內(nèi)容都是比較具體的現(xiàn)象和問題。反觀本次考試,盡管形式上看似傳統(tǒng)的命題作文,但三道試題無一不是抽象的“論道”題。與以往相比,難度明顯加大。
想起前段時間和復(fù)旦大學(xué)教授蔡基剛老師(他同時兼任全國大學(xué)英語教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會和上海市英語教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo))探討英語四、六級考試的發(fā)展方向,他說以后會向“托福、雅思”方向發(fā)展、側(cè)重考察能力。我當(dāng)時的印象就是:四、六級的難度要提高了。
從這次的寫作試題看,不僅難度提高了,而且甚至高于托福、雅思了。因為那兩種考試的寫作試題中絕大部分還是討論具體現(xiàn)象和問題的。有些是關(guān)于非常具體的日常生活。比如:Which room is the most important in your apartment? 有些是關(guān)于科技對生活的影響,如:Is reading books still important in modern society with so many sources of information? 這些題目考生在平時的課本及各種媒體中接觸較多因而比較熟悉。而我們的這次六級考題卻開始遠離我們熟悉的話題,超“玄妙”的方向發(fā)展,開始要求學(xué)生由形而下的“論器”到形而上的“論道”了。
另外,這樣的題目也為作文模版的使用增加了難度。尤其是一些人拿手的“一些人認(rèn)為;另一些人認(rèn)為”之類的模版在這樣的試題面前完全就完全無能為力。要寫好這樣的作文,學(xué)生需要更扎實的基本功。
那么,考生應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對這種新的變化?下面就三篇文章中的第一篇提供兩種不同的寫法,并作分析。希望能給考生一些借鑒和啟發(fā)。
Good Habits Result from Resisting Temptation
Resolved to be an early morning riser, but finding yourself in class on an empty stomach because you don’t get up until the sun has risen high in the sky; determined to be punctual, but turning out to be late for an appointment; decided to be a regular reader, but leaving the book on the desk to be read untouched……
Most people know the influence of bad habits: they may cost a person his job or a full happy life. Unfortunately, many individuals find themselves trapped in them. Thousands of times they might have told themselves to start a new life by forming good habits but a thousand and one times they see themselves still on the old track.
Why so hard?
It is human nature to pursue comfort and convenience. Admittedly, this pursuit has proved to be one of the motivators for the advance of science and technology. However, the temptation of an easy life prevents us from forming positive habits, which are essential for good health, efficient work and stable social relationship.
No goal can be achieved without pain. To discover and develop our talents, to uncover who we really are, we need to resist temptations.
在上面的第一種寫法中,首先我們要想清楚:What are good habits? 要做到這一點,我們最好還要弄清楚:What are bad habits?為此,文中列舉了三個好壞相對的習(xí)慣:想早起床但結(jié)果還是在床上捱到日上三竿;想準(zhǔn)時赴約卻總是遲到;想每天看書卻總是提不起精神。這樣我們就把抽象的habit變成具體形象的了。
下面第二部分通過對比說明惡習(xí)的嚴(yán)重后果:可能丟掉工作,也可能造成不幸的人生。但就算對好習(xí)慣的重要性非常了解,很多人還是無法養(yǎng)成,從而引出問題:為什么這么難?
主體第三部分首先指出這是人的本性所然。接著首先讓步:對舒適生活的追求某種意義上推動了科技的發(fā)展和人類的進步。但是,人生的苦樂是辯證的。通過努力養(yǎng)成好的習(xí)慣有助于強健體魄、提高工作效率以及維持正常的人際關(guān)系。
再看這道題的另一種寫法:
Good Habits Result from Resisting Temptation
Most people know the importance of good habits. For instance, having regular physical exercise benefits health; reading books enriches knowledge; telling the truth wins others’ trust. Regrettably, many individuals find themselves trapped in negative habits. Even if they are also clear about the crucial role played by good habits and the tips of forming or keeping them, they have difficulties in practice, because they cannot resist the temptations.
Take telling lies as an example. People tell lies for various reasons. Politicians spin facts to win votes and influence elections; businessmen make up fictions to attract customers; white-collars gild stories to obtain a rise on the social ladder. Of course, some people intend not to “hurt” but to “heal” - they use lies to protect their friends or lovers, or “grease the wheel of a social discourse”. In a word, the “necessary social evil” does have its uses.
Just as we need to resist the temptation of lies to tell the truth, so we should stand firm against various lures to form good habits.
第二個版本的第一段思路和第一篇相似,都是通過列舉具體的例子證明:理論上大家都知道好習(xí)慣的重要性,但知易行難。
但后面的寫法就完全不同了。與第一篇的抽象“論道“不同,這篇文章的主體部分集中探討了一種好習(xí)慣:實話實說。但是人們不管出于善意還是惡意往往會說謊。通過這種寫法,我想和同學(xué)們說明, “玄妙”的“論道”也可以小中見大。這樣往往易于操作。
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