2009年12月大學(xué)英語四級考試模擬試題(六)

　　Section B

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements(引誘)which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.

　　Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for selfrealization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy( 等級制度)w hereby the lowerorder needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higherorder ones come into play.

　　One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and selfrealization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as associations with others, selfrespect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.

　　57. According to Maslow, a work organization is able to motivate people to work by _______.

　　A) satisfying their physiological needs

　　B) satisfying their selfrealization needs

　　C) satisfying hierarchy of their higherorder need

　　D) first satisfying their lowerorder needs