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　　Passage 1

　　此次六級考試仔細閱讀部分第一篇來自The Economist 2013年7月的一篇文章。原題為：Where thinking is king，是一篇關于成功學書籍的文章。

　　Nothing succeeds in business books like the study of success. The current business-book boom was launched in 1982 by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman with “In Search of Excellence”. The trend has continued with a succession of experts who promise to distil the essence of excellence into three (or five or seven) simple rules.

　　“The Three Rules ” is a self-conscious contribution to the genre; it even includes a bibliography of “success studies”. Michael Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed work for a consultancy, Deloitte, that is determined to turn itself into more of a thought-leader and less a corporate repairman. They employ all the tricks of the success books. They insist that their conclusions are “measurable and actionable”—guides to behaviour rather than analysis for its own sake. Success authors usually serve up vivid stories about how exceptional business- people istamped their personalities on a company or rescued it from a life-threatening crisis. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed are happier chewing the numbers: they provide detailed appendices on “calculating the elements of advantage” and detailed analysis.

　　The authors spent five years studying the behaviour of their 344 “exceptional companies”, only to come up at first with nothing. Every hunch led to a blind alley and every hypothesis to a dead end. It was only when they shifted their attention from how companies behave to how they think that they began to make sense of their voluminous material.

　　Management is all about making difficult trade-offs in conditions that are always uncertain and often volatile. But exceptional companies approach these trade-offs with two simple rules in mind, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously. First: better before cheaper. Companies are more likely to succeed in the long run if they compete on quality or performance than on price. Second: revenue before cost. Companies have more to gain in the long run from driving up revenue (for example by charging higher prices or appealing to more customers) than by driving down costs.

　　Most success studies suffer from two faults. There is “the halo effect”, whereby good performance leads commentators to attribute all manner of virtues to anything and everything the company does. These virtues then suddenly become vices when the company falters. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed work hard to avoid these mistakes by studying large bodies of data over several decades. But they end up embracing a different error: stating the obvious. Most businesspeople will not be surprised to learn that it is better to find a profitable niche and focus on boosting your revenues than to compete on price and cut your way to success. The difficult question is how to find that profitable niche and protect it. There, “The Three Rules” is less useful.

　　56題。題干問題為“以下哪種商業(yè)書籍最可能大賣?”。根據(jù)關鍵詞business books 定位到第一段。Nothing succeeds in business books like the study of success. 商業(yè)書籍中最成功的就是對成功的研究。The current business-book boom was launched in 1982 by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman with “In Search of Excellence”. 最近的商業(yè)書籍的繁榮始于1982年的一本名為“找尋杰出”的書。The trend has continued with a succession of experts who promise to distil the essence of excellence into three (or five or seven) simple rules.這個趨勢伴隨著一系列專家而持續(xù)，他們承諾提取出杰出的本質并把它簡化成3或5或7個簡單規(guī)則。 由此可以得出，A.研究杰出的書 為正確答案。

　　57題。題干問題為“以下哪種商業(yè)書籍最可能大賣?”。根據(jù)關鍵詞success books定位到第二段第三句：……They employ all the tricks of the success books. 他們使用了成功學書籍的所有詭計。They insist that their conclusions are “measurable and actionable”—guides to behaviour rather than analysis for its own sake.他們堅持說他們的結論是可測量的和可執(zhí)行的——引導行為而不是分析。Success authors usually serve up vivid stories about how exceptional business- people stamped their personalities on a company or rescued it from a life-threatening crisis. 成功學作者們經常準備好了一些生動的關于杰出的商人是怎樣把自己的個性刻劃于自己的公司之中，或怎樣把公司從致命危機中拯救的故事。 一個usually暗示成功學作者們經常這樣做，可得出C.他們或多或少陷入了同樣的思維定勢 為正確答案。

　　58題。題干問題為“作者認為三大規(guī)則這本書與其他成功學書籍有何不同?”。根據(jù)關鍵詞大寫的Three Rules 定位，發(fā)現(xiàn)剩下的文章幾乎都是在說這本書。于是動用順序原則優(yōu)先看第三段：The authors spent five years studying the behaviour of their 344 “exceptional companies”, only to come up at first with nothing. Every hunch led to a blind alley and every hypothesis to a dead end. It was only when they shifted their attention from how companies behave to how they think that they began to make sense of their voluminous material. 大意就是：

　　他們前五年對344個優(yōu)秀公司的研究毫無成果。直到他們把注意力從杰出公司做了什么轉移到總結杰出公司的思考方式，他們浩瀚的研究素材才有成果。 由此得出他們的重點是在站在杰出公司角度思考動因以分析成功，所以 C.此書詳細的分析是基于海量的數(shù)據(jù) 為正確答案。

　　59題。題干問題為“文章認為杰出公司的成功是依靠以下哪個選項?”。根據(jù)關鍵詞exceptional companies 定位到第四段第二句：…But exceptional companies approach these trade-offs with two simple rules in mind, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously. First: better before cheaper. Companies are more likely to succeed in the long run if they compete on quality or performance than on price. Second: revenue before cost. Companies have more to gain in the long run from driving up revenue (for example by charging higher prices or appealing to more customers) than by driving down costs. 大意就是：杰出公司有兩大原則：第一，打質量仗而不是價格仗;第二，開源而不是節(jié)流。 可得出A.專注于質量和收入 為正確答案。

　　60題。題干問題為“作者對三大規(guī)則這本書有何評價?”。根據(jù)關鍵詞書名comment和順序原則來到最后一段最后兩句：…But they end up embracing a different error: stating the obvious. Most businesspeople will not be surprised to learn that it is better to find a profitable niche and focus on boosting your revenues than to compete on price and cut your way to success. The difficult question is how to find that profitable niche and protect it. There, “The Three Rules” is less useful.大意是：此書翻了另一個錯誤，就是忽視了商人們的難題是達到盈利位置并保持領先。在這個方面，此書沒那么有用。 由此得出作者對此書并不是完全認可，所以D.它失敗于確認成功的關鍵 為正確答案。

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