歷年大學(xué)英語四級閱讀真題及答案:空氣污染
英語四級選詞填空題目:
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.
The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.
The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes
28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.
Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 ,”he said.
The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.
But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.
A)ability I)exclusively
B)associated J)innovated
C)consciously K)regularly
D)constant L)relates
E)control M)sources
F)damage N)undermine
G)described O)vehicles
H)equals
英語四級選詞填空答案:
26. F damage (損害)
27. B associated (與……有聯(lián)系)
28. M sources (來源)
29. D constant (不斷的, 常存在的)
30. G described (描述)
31. E control (控制)
32. H equals (等同于)
33. K regularly (經(jīng)常地)
34. I exclusively (僅僅,地)
35. O vehicles (車輛)
英語四級選詞填空答案解析:
26. F damage
空格所在句子的含義為:空氣污染每年在福利費(fèi)用方面給全球經(jīng)濟(jì)造成5萬多億損失,的... ...發(fā)生在發(fā)展中國家。根據(jù)上下文可知這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)跟損失有關(guān)聯(lián)的詞匯,另外在語法上這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞被devastating,“具有破壞力的”修飾,所以我們應(yīng)該可以確定答案為damage, “損害”n.
27. B associated
空格所在句子的含義為:這個(gè)福利數(shù)字包含許多與空氣污染... ...的福利費(fèi)用,比如健康與消費(fèi)。根據(jù)語法上判斷,這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)過去分詞做costs 的后置定語,另外從語義上判斷,associated with air pollution做cost的后置定語,表示與空氣污染相關(guān)的費(fèi)用,語義上也符合上下文語境。
28. M sources
空格所在的句子的含義為:室內(nèi)污染,包括像暖氣和做飯一樣的... ...。從語法上判斷這里應(yīng)該填入名詞,并且這個(gè)名詞是一個(gè)大范圍的詞可以包括暖氣和做飯,另外從語義上判斷sources like home heating and cooking 表示像暖氣和做飯一樣的來源也符合上下文語境。
29. D constant
空格所在句子的句子,是28空所在句子的下半句,含義為:室內(nèi)污染,包括像暖氣和做飯一樣的來源,在過去的幾十年間... ...,盡管室內(nèi)污染這個(gè)區(qū)域取得了一些進(jìn)步。從語法上判斷,這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞,另外從語義上判斷,constant“不斷的,常存在的”,符合上下文語境。
30. G described
空格所在句子的含義為:Chris Murray 參與了這次報(bào)告,她把這次報(bào)告...為對行動的緊急呼吁。從語法上,這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)謂語動詞,另外從語義上看,describe表示描述,符合上下文語境。
31. E control
空格所在句子的含義為:在所有造成過早死的不同危險(xiǎn)因素當(dāng)中,我們所呼吸的空氣是一個(gè)領(lǐng)域,對于這一點(diǎn)個(gè)人無法... ...。從語法上判斷,本空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞,從語義上看,control表示控制,符合上下文語境。
32. H equals
空格所詞組的含義為:收入幾乎... ... GDP的1%。 從語法上判斷,本空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動詞,從語義上看equal表示等同于,符合上下文語境。
33. K regularly
空格所在句子的含義為:低中收入國家當(dāng)約十分之九的人住在有空氣污染的地區(qū),在這些地區(qū)他們 ... ... 經(jīng)受達(dá)到危險(xiǎn)水平的室外空氣污染。從語法上判斷,本空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)副詞,來修飾動詞experience,“經(jīng)受”,從語義上看regularly experience,表示經(jīng)常經(jīng)受,符合上下文語境。
34. I exclusively
空格所在句子的含義為:但是這個(gè)問題不... ...局限于發(fā)展中國家。從語法上判斷,本空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)副詞,修飾動詞limited,“局限”,從語義上看exclusively“的,僅僅”,符合上下文語境。
35. O vehicles
空格所在句子的含義為:在許多歐洲國家,柴油車輛在近幾年變得更加普遍。從語法上判斷,本空應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞,來被diesel修飾,,從語義上看diesel vehicles表示柴油車輛,復(fù)合上下文語境。
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