仔細閱讀真題(卷二)

　　Section C

　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征稅)1.5

　　cents per liquid ounce on distributors.

　　Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.

　　The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.

　　While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.

　　“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low- and no-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”

　　An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”

　　Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’ anymore.”

　　Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.

　　46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?

　　A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.

　　B) It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.

　　C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.

　　D)It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.

　　47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?

　　A) Bargain with the city council.

　　B) Refuse to pay additional tax.

　　C) Take legal action against it.

　　D) Try to win public support.

　　48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?

　　A) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.

　　B) It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.

　　C) It kept sending letters of protest to the media.

　　D) It criticized the measure through advertising.

　　49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?

　　A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.

　　B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.

　　C) Add to the fund for their research on diseases.

　　D) Benefit low-income people across the country.

　　50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?

　　A) They are becoming rather sensitive issues.

　　B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.

　　C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.

　　D)They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.

　　A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.

　　However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other from of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.

　　51. What is the finding of the new study?

　　A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.

　　B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.

　　C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.

　　D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.

　　52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?

　　A) They are becoming more affordable.

　　B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.

　　C) They are getting much easier to operate.

　　D) They take less time to cook than other appliances.

　　53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?

　　A) Cooking food of different varieties.

　　B) Improving microwave users’ habits.

　　C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.

　　D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.

　　54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?

　　A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.

　　B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.

　　C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.

　　D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.

　　55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?

　　A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.

　　B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.

　　C) It plays a positive role in environmental protection.

　　E) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.

　　答案及解析：

　　汽水征稅

　　【參考答案】

　　46 B It may encourage other US cities to follow suit..

　　47 C Take legal action against it.

　　48 D It criticized the measure through advertising.

　　49 B Help people to fix certain long-term health issues.

　　50 A They are becoming rather sensitive issues.

　　【答案解析】

　　46. 根據(jù)題干中的定位詞及專有名詞newly approved soda tax; Philadelphia回文快速定位到文章中的第2段，根據(jù)第2段的信息可得出費城新的法案的 通 過為全國類似法案設(shè)立了新的標準，并證明對含糖飲料進行征稅能夠贏得大量的支持。比對四個選項，A選項改變許多消費者的生活方式在第二段中未提及，無中生有，C選項在低收入社區(qū)減少汽水的消耗文中第二段也未提及，D選項可能影響汽水行業(yè)的營銷策略，文中也沒有提及，B選項鼓勵美國其他城市跟著做，與第二段文意相符，故選擇B選項。

　　47. 本題問的是“反對者可能會如何回應對汽水征稅的提案?”，根據(jù)題干中的定位詞opponents; soda tax proposal定位至第四段：盡管市政府投票在議事廳獲得了贊揚支持，但是反對者對此作出尖銳的批評，并承諾在法院質(zhì)疑這項征稅。結(jié)合定位信息及四個選項的意思，可以確定選項C Take legal action against it.為本題的正確答案。選項A、B、D在文中均未提及，屬于無中生有選項。

　　48. 根據(jù)題干中的定位詞industry-backed anti-tax campaign回文定位該題至文中第6段：反對征稅的活動花費至少400萬美元在廣告宣傳上，通過廣告對此法案進行批判，根據(jù)這兩句話結(jié)合四個選項的意思，可以確定選項D It criticized the measure through advertising.為原文的同義替換。

　　49. 根據(jù)題干定位詞public health groups回文定位該題至文中第7段：Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans.文中applaud一詞為贊同，稱贊的含義，比對該題四個選項，可以確定B Help people to fix certain long-term health issues.為文中信息的同義替換。

　　50. 根據(jù)題干信息“similar measures”，定位至文中第8段“Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues.”根據(jù)原文的定位信息可得知在其他城市的類似法案的 通過成為敏感(hot-button)話題。結(jié)合四個選項可以確定A They are becoming rather sensitive issues.為原文的同義替換。

　　微波爐

　　【參考答案】

　　51.【D】 The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.

　　答案解析：根據(jù)題干中“new study”可以定位到原文第一段第一句話 “..., but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. ” 大意為“盡管把食物放到微波爐里幾分鐘看起來完全無害，但是歐洲已有的微波爐存儲可釋放的二氧化碳量相當于七百萬的汽車”A 選項為“微波爐很流行”，B選項為“頻繁使用微波爐有害健康”，C選項為“二氧化碳排放量對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生威脅”，D選項為“使用微波爐釋放的二氧化碳比人們想的還要多”，結(jié)合原文，D選項中含有關(guān)鍵詞“microwaves” “CO2”正確。

　　52. 【A】They are becoming more affordable.

　　答案解析：根據(jù)題干中“the sales of microwaves ” 、“rise”可以定位到原文第一段最后一句話，但是該句與題干對應只闡述結(jié)果，且句首給出提示詞 “this”, 因此真正答案句在上文，答案句為第三句“With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items,...” 提到“成本”，四個選項中只有A選項“affordable”(可支付得起的)與之相符，與錢和成本可替換，因此為正確答案。

　　53. 【B】 Improving microwave users’ habits.

　　答案解析：根據(jù)題干中 “recommendation”(推薦) “ the University of Manchester”可定位到原文第二段第一句話和倒數(shù)第二句話，第一句主要提出調(diào)查結(jié)果并未給出建議，因為答案倒數(shù)第二句話 “..., efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour.” 重點強調(diào)改善消費者的意識與行為，B選項中“user”替換了“consumer”，“habits”替換了“behavior”，為正確選項。其他選項均為提及。

　　54. 【A】There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.

　　答案解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Professor David Reay”、“argue” 可定位到原文第三段第一句話 “..., argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars.” 大意為：和汽車相比，微波爐的二氧化碳排放量還是比較小的，四個選項中同時提到汽車與微波爐，且存在比較的只有A選項，為正確答案。

　　55. 【C】 It plays a positive role in environmental protection.

　　答案解析：題干問的該教授對微波爐的使用的看法，在原文中重點關(guān)注表示人態(tài)度的情態(tài)動詞和形容詞，定位與最后一段最后兩句話 “..., microwaves are the most energy efficient, .... Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.” 其中“most energy efficient”和“ positive”可以看出他態(tài)度為正面的，四個選項中C選項含有原詞positive，且environmental protection 與energy efficient為近義替換，因此為正確選項。

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