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　　Science of setbacks:How failure can improve career prospects

　　36.[G]One straightforward reason close losers might outper-form narrow winners is that the two groups have comparable ability.

　　37.[D ]Others in the US have found similar effects with National Institutes of Health early-career fellowships launching narrow winners far ahead of close losers.

　　38.[K]In sports and many areas of life,we think of failures as evidence of something we could have done better.

　　39.[B]One way social scientists have probed the effects of career setbacks is to look at scientists of very similar qualifica-tions.

　　40.[]He said the people who should be paying regard to the Wang paper are the funding agents who distribute government grant money.

　　41.[F]In a study published in. Nature. Communications,North-western University sociologist Dashun Wang tracked more than 1,100 scientists who were on the border between getting a grant and missing out between 1990 and 2005.

　　42.[J] For his part,Wang said that in his own experience, losing

　　did light a motivating fire.

　　43.[C]A 2018 study published in the Proceedings of the Nation-al Academy of Sciences, for example, followed researchers in the Netherlands.

　　44.[]He said the people who should be paying regard to the Wang paper are the funding agents who distribute government grant money.

　　45.[E]This is bad news for the losers.

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